On December 12, 1936, in order to save the nation from peril, stop the civil war and unite to resist Japan, Zhang Xueliang and Yang Hucheng resolutely carried out "military advice" to Chiang Kai-shek, the head of state, in Lintong, and launched the "Xi'an Incident" that shocked China and foreign countries, also known as the Double 12 Incident.
Zhang Xueliang, the protagonist of the Xi'an Incident, is really a generation of strange people: the second generation of rich, the second generation of officials, the second generation of the army, enlisted in the army at the age of 16, graduated from the first place in the artillery department of the military academy at the age of 18, served as the main brigade commander at the age of 21, and became famous at the age of 23 in the war with veterans, inherited his father's business at the age of 27. Born in love, suave, 11**, 3 marriages, and never abandon his lover, creating a modern love legend. He lived to the age of 101 and died without illness, and was extremely grieved after his death.
Tang Degang, a historian who has been in deep contact with the young marshal, once commented: Separate a person from a politician and a military strategist, and the history of the country is really a car fight, which is nothing unusual;However, if these three different industries are put together to make a trinity, like a fish in water, there will really be no other branches except for Xueliang.
However, the history is full of treacherous clouds, Zhang Xueliang is covered with many mysteries, merits and demerits, and mixed reputations, those who praise him call him "a hero of the ages", and those who demean him call him a "national sinner".
* Ma Junwu's famous satirical poem made him forever ashamed of his hometown fathers:Zhao Si is romantic, Zhu Wu is crazy, Pianpian Hu Die is the most deserved, and Gentle Township is the hero's mound, which cares if the East Division enters Shenyang.
After the Xi'an Incident, the young marshal once again shocked the whole country and the world was in an uproar. "Double Twelve" can be called the turning point of the times, and he reversed the course of history with the power of one person!At the end of the Long March, the Red Army was sharply reduced from 300,000 to 25,000;Before the incident, the Red Army was on the verge of annihilation, and at the last moment, it was ready to move into the Western Regions and establish power on the Sino-Soviet border. The sky is endless, and the turning point of the earth-shattering counterattack is "Double Twelve". After the eight-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, the Red Army was reborn from the ashes, with millions of soldiers, and the actual mobilization force of the militia reserve force was nearly 3 million, and the value of the eight-year snowball generally increased by more than 100 times.
Zhang Xueliang did not really want to fight under the banner of anti-Japanese resistance in the Xi'an Incident, but did not resist when he wanted to resist Japan in the northeast, but when he ran to the northwestAt the beginning, his plan was to unite with Soviet Russia to set up an anti-Japanese alliance in Xi'an, set up a separate party, and divide one side, or he wanted to follow the routine of warlords.
As a result, Stalin did not support the incident and was furious when he heard the news, because the situation in China was out of control and would seriously threaten the security of the Soviet Union. Severely reprimanding Chiang for being a Japanese conspiracy, and the separatist plan was aborted. Because of the death of Lao Chiang, China will inevitably be torn apart, broken by Japan, and unable to form an effective containment, the eastern front of the Soviet Union will be completely exposed to the fascist camp, and the fate of the entire World War II will be rewritten. You must know that a big reason why the defense of Moscow at the turning point of World War II was a disastrous victory was that after Stalin learned of Japan's southward policy, he decisively transferred the reserves stationed on the eastern front to Moscow to participate in the war in one fell swoop, so that there was a Jedi counterattack on the western front. If it weren't for Stalin's scheming and far-sightedness, Zhang Xueliang would have almost changed world history!
The problem is that the young marshal was still a member of the Kuomintang at that time, the deputy commander, and the brother of Jiang Zhongzheng. The behavior of the young marshal, whether it is moral or private, whether it is now or then, according to the law, the following offenses will be set up separately, treason, collaborating with the enemy, kidnapping, which is a mortal crime. If you put aside the Soviet system, this kind of "traitor" may have been shot many times. But after all, it is **, Zhang Xueliang is the second generation of officials, the circle of friends is awesome, Song Meiling's male best friend, Lao Jiang Er has soft roots, and going to the military court is just a formality, and in the end he was only sentenced to 10 years in prison and deprived of public power for 5 years. Moreover, in the afternoon of the same day, Chiang submitted an application for pardon for Zhang Xueliang, and after agreeing, the committee demanded that he be "strictly controlled".
This "strict control" is that for decades, Lao Jiang still spoke of benevolence and righteousness to this sworn brother who had "betrayed" him, eating and drinking, which was like house arrest, and it was not until the death of the Jiang family father and son in 1990 that he was able to regain his freedom. The Kuomintang authorities even allowed him to go abroad in his later years, publish his memoirs freely, and lived in Hawaii in the United States in 1995, where he died in Honolulu on October 14, 2001. It can be seen that the abolition of the national law and discipline at that time was doomed to the defeat of the country in the future.
In his later years, Zhang Xueliang and the Chinese-American historian Tang Degang orally recorded history, clarifying many fogs, such as "the mystery of 918 non-resistance" and "the mystery of the Xi'an incident".
Xi'an Incident".
The above is an excerpt from Mr. Tang Degang's "From the First Sino-Japanese War to the War of Resistance". This book is about the First Sino-Japanese War and the 14-year War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression in the First Sino-Japanese War. Tang Degang delved into historical facts such as "Xi'an Incident", "Wang Jingwei's Surrender to the Enemy", and "Japan's Crime of Aggression against China", and took readers to reflect on China's gains and losses in the two Sino-Japanese wars.
Zhang Xueliang was the protagonist of the Xi'an Incident. When Chiang Kai-shek was alive, it was taboo;When Jiang died, Zhang Xueliang finally ended his house arrest, and he also wanted to write an oral history, and he would take the initiative to find Tang Degang to write an oral history because of fate.
Right: Zhang Xueliang, left: Tang Degang.
Most of the histories written by Tang Degang are like this, compiled based on the oral accounts of historical witnesses. Oral history is not as simple as a tape recorder recording and sorting out words, which is a great test of human skills. He has extremely profound insights into the "Xi'an Incident", Zhang Xueliang, and even the entire figures of modern Chinese history.
He wrote about Li Zongren, "Li sometimes talks nonsense, and if he writes it directly, he will be laughed to death by others." Therefore, Li Ao said, "Fortunately, Li Zongren has a wise person by his side to guide and assist, so that he can complete such a famous work as "Li Zongren's Memoirs". This book can also be hidden and immortalized. In the field of historiography, Tang Degang's style of writing is unique, and his writing is one of the best. Half literate and half white, also Zhuang and harmonious, full of fun. Professor Xia Zhiqing, an authority on the history of Chinese literature, commented that he was "a unique essayist in contemporary China". Behind the good-looking historical narrative, there must also be a historical philosophy that penetrates the back of the paper in order to become an immortal historical work. His "Three Gorges of History" and the historical theories that can be seen throughout the book play a role in "illumination" as Liang Wendao puts it, "illuminating a vaguely recognizable outline of the foggy front." Because of this, Mr. Tang Degang's ** historical works were once out of stock, pirated for a time, and it was difficult to publish for a time. ** Mourn his teacher Qian Mu, saying that he "summons the soul of his homeland all his life". Tang Degang's feelings for his homeland may not be as passionate as Qian Mu's, but it can also summon a soul for "history". Mr. Tang Degang's brilliant historical works have shattered the minds of many readers who have been imprisoned for a long time, and awakened their interest in history and the future. Mr. Tang dispelled the specter of totalitarianism and summoned a new soul of liberalism. For this reason, we sincerely recommend the "Tang Degang Works": For professionals, Mr. Tang's works are important materials for professional historical researchFor ordinary readers, they can also see a different panorama of modern China from the history of Mr. Tang Degang. At present, many contents of the history written by Mr. Tang are still in the "forbidden area", and it is not easy to publish, and many works were once out of print, and it is not easy to collect them all at once. Professor Zhang Ming said: Before reading Tang Degang, I never thought that history could be written like this, so quoting scriptures and classics, but there is no lack of life scenes, which is really breathtaking. Click on the product card below to collect Mr. Tang Degang's collection with one click.