HPV is an epithelial tissue-band circular DNA virus, which is composed of a viral protein capsid and a core single copy of the viral genome DNA. In layman's terms, HPV cannot survive without the host it relies on to parasitize, and needs to be a real "parasite".
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So how did this "parasite" get into our body?Mainly throughSexual transmission, ** contact, mother-to-child transmissionThree ways.
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Sexual transmission
Sexual transmission is the main route of HPV infection. About 60%-80% of sexually active women will be infected with the HPV virus, especially women who are younger for the first time and have a large number of sexual partners, and the risk of HPV infection is much higher than that of other women.
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Contact
Clinically, there are some women who have not had sex, but the HPV virus is detected, which may be the caseInfected through contact, such as doorknobs, toilets, hotel sheets, bathtubs, soaps, etc., are all routes of HPV infection.
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Mother-to-child transmission
Its main ones are:Maternal HPV infection is transmitted to the baby during childbirth。If pregnant women continue to be infected with the HPV virus, it may lead to cervical lesions, resulting in intrauterine infection of the fetus in the womb, and then causing neonatal laryngeal papilloma, but the incidence of this condition is relatively low.
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In addition, iatrogenic transmission can occur in isolated cases, including infections caused by inadequate medical care by healthcare workers.
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Age-appropriate prophylactic HPV vaccination
At present, there are four types of prophylactic HPV vaccines in the world, the bivalent HPV vaccine in the United Kingdom, the quadrivalent and nine-valent HPV vaccines in the United States, and the domestic bivalent vaccine.
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HPV vaccines are more effective in younger, people with no history of HPV exposure (no sexual activity).Therefore, the 2017 Guidelines for the Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Cervical Cancer in China pointed out that the main target population of the vaccine is 13 to 15-year-old girls, and the secondary target population is 16 to 26-year-old womenThe eligible population is 9 to 45-year-old women。The applicable age groups for vaccination are as follows:
Female compatriots can choose one of the vaccines according to their age, financial situation, and the types of vaccines available in medical institutions.
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Regular cervical cancer screening
Cervical cancer is a preventable and adherable disease. A fast and accurate screening plan is essential for cervical cancer prevention and early detection, early**.
On July 6, 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Special Programme for Human Reproduction (HRP) released the second edition of the Guidelines for Cervical Precancerous Lesion Screening and **, which clearly recommended HPV-DNA testing as the preferred screening method.
The new guidelines recommend that the general female populationHPV DNA tests should be done every 5 to 10 years starting at age 30, while HIV women should get HPV DNA tests every 3 to 5 years starting at age 25and a shorter interval between testing positive for HPV and testing again after **.
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Fixed sexual partners to reduce cross-infection
An increase in the number of sexual partners and irregular sexual partners will significantly increase the risk of HPV infection and increase the risk of cervical cancer.
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Pay attention to sexual hygiene
Wash your hands before sex, your spouse's smegma needs to be washed, and the correct use of condoms throughout the course can reduce HPV infection by 70%.
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Prevent premature sex
Adolescent girls' cervix is not yet mature, and their resistance is weak, and they are prone to HPV infection.
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Studies have shown that the risk of cervical cancer in women who have sex for the first time before the age of 16 is 2 after the age of 21The risk of cervical cancer in women aged 17 to 20 years who have sex for the first time is 31 times higher than that of women after the age of 2180 times.
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Use contraception to reduce miscarriages
Miscarriage can cause damage to the cervix and make it susceptible to infection.
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Healthy lifestyle to boost immunity
Eat a reasonable dietBalanced nutrition, staple food, meat dishes, vegetarian dishes, fruit combination, eating balance. Don't over-diet for the sake of **. Women who eat a diet rich in various vitamins have a reduced chance of developing precancerous changes in the cervix.
Have a regular scheduleDon't stay up late too often, staying up late will lower the body's immunity.
Exercise appropriatelyThe World Health Organization (WHO) recommends at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week for adults, such as brisk walking, jogging, swimming, various ball games, etc.
Quit smoking and drinkingSmoking and drinking alcohol are closely related to a variety of cancers and chronic diseases, so it is necessary to avoid them. Smoking is significantly associated with HPV infection in women, with women who smoke have a reduced ability to clear HPV, and the risk of cervical cancer increases significantly with increased tobacco exposure.
Maintain a positive and optimistic attitude and a happy moodIf you are infected with HPV, in addition to timely medical treatment, you should also face it positively and adjust your mentality. A positive mindset and a healthy lifestyle can improve your ability to eliminate HPV. If you still have worries, anxiety, and troubles after a period of self-adjustment, you can go to the psychological clinic and stress reduction clinic to help you further adjust through the doctor's guidance and relaxation.