At No. 131, Fuchengmen Nei Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, there is a royal temple dedicated to the ancestors of Chinese Yanhuang and the emperors and heroes of the past dynasties, that is, the temple of the emperors of the past dynasties. There are 188 emperors from the Three Emperors and Five Emperors to the Ming Dynasty, of course, there are more than these 188 emperors in history, but if you look carefully at this list, you will find that Qin Shi Huang, Emperor Wu of Jin and Emperor Wen of Sui are not among the sacrifices.
Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor to create the unification of China, and he was also the first person to be called "emperor". Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty, was the founding emperor of the Jin Dynasty, and he ended the situation of the Three Kingdoms and made the land of China unified again. Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Yang Jian ended the situation of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and created a unified Sui Dynasty. Many emperors who are not as good as them have entered the temple of the emperors of the past dynasties, but why didn't the three of them go in?In this article, let's talk about it with you.
Before that, let's take a general look at the historical exploits of the three emperors.
For Qin Shi Huang's exploits, everyone basically has a better understanding. After Qin Shi Huang took the throne of Qin, he first got rid of Chang Yu and Lü Buwei, and then spent ten years to pacify the six kingdoms of Shandong, unify the world, and establish the first feudal dynasty in the history of our country - the Qin Dynasty.
After the unification of the world, Qin Shi Huang made many reforms, politically he implemented the system of three princes and nine secretaries, and implemented the county system at the local level, which basically laid the political pattern for the next two thousand years, and no matter how the later generations changed it was based on the political system formulated by Qin Shi Huang.
Qin Shi Huang in the economy and culture, Qin Shi Huang unified the currency and weights and measures, as well as the same text, the same track, and unified the whole country economically and culturally, but the Qin Dynasty existed for too short a time, and it perished without substantially completing the cultural unification, but the great unified dynasties of later generations inherited the great unification pattern of the Qin Dynasty.
Qin Shi Huang's reign ended the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States period of disputes, laid the basic pattern of China's political system for more than 2,000 years, and was praised as "the first emperor of the ages" by the Ming Dynasty thinker Li Zhen. It can be said that he is the originator of the emperor, known as the ancestral dragon by later generations, and his contribution to the Chinese nation is far greater than that of many emperors in later generations. If it weren't for Qin Shi Huang, going out of the province now would be like going abroad. This was the most important contribution of Qin Shi Huang.
Sima Yan is the grandson of Sima Yi, the eldest son of Sima Zhao, after the death of Sima Zhao in 265 AD, Sima Yan attacked the title of King of Jin, entered the Xiangguo, and soon Sima Yan forced Emperor Cao Wan of Wei Yuan to take the throne, enthroned as the emperor, and established the Jin Dynasty. In the first two years of the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, Cao Wei destroyed the Shu Han under the auspices of Sima Zhao, and now the Jin Dynasty was established on the basis of Cao Wei, so the Three Kingdoms were left with Eastern Wu in the southeast.
In 279 AD, Sima Yan launched the Jin Dynasty to destroy the unification of Wu, and the following year the Jin Dynasty destroyed the Wu State and completed the unification of the whole country, and the land of China in 60 years was unified again. This should be said to be the greatest credit to Sima Yan during his reign. At the same time, in the early stage of Sima Yan's reign, he reformed politics, practiced frugality, and implemented the rule of law, and the national strength of the Jin Dynasty was greatly improved. However, during his reign, he was the king on a large scale, which indirectly led to the subsequent Eight Kings Rebellion.
Sima YanSince Qin Shi Huang, the idea of great unification has long been deeply rooted in the hearts of the people, so all emperors have the ambition to dominate the world. Sima Yan lived in the troubled times of the Three Kingdoms, and he also had the ability to end the 60-year troubled times of the Three Kingdoms, which was a plus for him, but the Jin Dynasty was the country of Cao Wei usurped by the Sima family, and Sima Yi and Sima Zhao's reputation in history was not good. In addition, Sima Yan wantonly crowned the king, which led to the later Eight Kings Rebellion, and then to the later Wuhu Rebellion, the origin of all this can be traced back to Sima Yan, Emperor Wu of the Jin Dynasty.
Yang Jian is also a great emperor, but the Sui Dynasty existed for too short a time in history and Yang Jian usurped his grandson's country, so his historical reputation is not very good.
Yang Jian was originally a courtier of the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and formed a family of sons and daughters with Emperor Wu of Zhou, Yuwen Yong, if Yuwen Yong did not die early, Yang Jian was a courtier of the Northern Zhou Dynasty until his death, but Yuwen Yong's untimely death gave Yang Jian a chance. After the death of Yu Wenyong, Yang Jian's son-in-law Yu Wenyun succeeded to the throne, he was absurd and unreasonable, only knew pleasure all day long, and passed the throne to his son Yu Wenyun after reigning for three years, at this time the power of the Northern Zhou Dynasty gradually fell into the hands of Yang Jian. In 581 AD, Yang Jian forced Yuwen to expound the Zen throne and established the Sui Dynasty.
After Yang Jian succeeded to the throne, Yang Jian also began his own road to unification, in 589 AD, the Sui Dynasty destroyed the Southern Chen, ending the ** situation since the Western Jin Dynasty for nearly 300 years, and completed the unification of the land of China. Similarly, Yang Jian also carried out a series of political and economic reforms, implementing the system of three provinces and six ministries at the local level, and the state and county system at the local levelTaxes are reduced and exempted economically, and the burden on the people is reduced. A series of measures greatly improved the national strength of the Sui Dynasty and created the rule of the emperor.
Yang Jian's achievements in ending the turbulent times of the Northern and Southern Dynasties and establishing a unified Sui Dynasty were no less than Qin Shi Huang's achievements in unifying the world. Similarly, Yang Jianxing's three-province and six-ministry system is also far-reaching, and the feudal dynasty of more than 1,500 years in later generations has implemented this system. Therefore, Yang Jian's merits are no less than those of most emperors in the imperial temples of previous dynasties.
The three emperors with such merits are all the founding kings, why haven't they been able to enter the temple of the emperors of the past dynasties?
The imperial temple was built in the sixth year of Hongwu in the Ming Dynasty (1373 AD), when the worship was mainly the three emperors and five emperors and the founding monarchs of the past dynasties, after the Qing Dynasty, the Kangxi Emperor drew a bottom line for the monarchs who enshrined the imperial temples of the past dynasties, namelyAnyone who has been in power, except for the lord who has no way, who has been killed, and who has died in the country, should be worshiped in the temple。When Qianlong was in power, he proposedChina's unification is endless, that isThe inheritance of the imperial system includes both the monarch of the great unified dynasty and the lord of the ** period, regardless of the "north and south", all should be enshrined. You can also see the 188 emperors in the imperial temples of the past dynasties, but why are the three important emperors of Qin Shi Huang, Emperor Wu of Jin and Emperor Wen of Sui not among the sacrifices?
Although he made great contributions to the Chinese nation, he was a tyrant in the Confucian concept, who let him burn books and pit Confucianism. And the Qin Dynasty he established is also known as the Violent Qin. Since the Han Dynasty, all dynasties have basically governed the country with Confucianism, and Qin Shi Huang's governing ideas are completely different from Confucianism, plus the death of Qin II. Therefore, the emperors of later generations regarded Qin Shi Huang as a negative teaching material, saying that he was tyrannical and unreasonable, full-time punishment, reckless and reckless in military force, and abused the people's power. Not only Zhu Yuanzhang thought so, but later Emperor Jiajing, Emperor Shunzhi, Kangxi, Yongzheng, and Qianlong all thought so, so Qin Shi Huang failed to enter the imperial temples of previous dynasties.
Qin Shi Huang for the Jin Wu Emperor Sima Yan failed to enshrine in the temple of the emperors, one of the biggest reasons is likely to be that the country is not right, and the Jin Dynasty did not have a stable inheritance system after the establishment of the Jin Dynasty, and most of the subsequent emperors were mediocre and incompetent, which also made the Jin Dynasty the lowest reputation among all the great unified dynasties. Therefore, Sima Yan also failed to enter the temple of the emperors of the past dynasties. And the reason why 7 emperors of the Jin Dynasty entered the temple was because Emperor Qianlong proposedChina's unification is endlessSo Qianlong put the 7 Jin Dynasty emperors into the temple.
Sima Yan was that Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Yang Jian failed to enshrine in the imperial temples of previous dynasties, and the biggest reason was that he usurped the throne as a relative of his son-in-law Yuwenyun, and purged the Yuwen family. His ruling methods and the political struggle behind it are regarded as the source of warlord scuffle, and the later Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty has always been regarded as a tyrant, so Zhu Yuanzhang thought that the Sui Dynasty was detrimental to merit when he established the Imperial Temple, and the later Ming and Qing emperors also recognized this statement, so Emperor Wen of Sui Yang Jian was not enshrined in the imperial temple of previous dynasties.
Emperor Wen of SuiTherefore, Qin Shi Huang Yingzheng, Emperor Wu of Jin Dynasty Sima Yan and Emperor Wen of Sui Emperor Yang Jian failed to enter the temple of the emperors of the past dynasties, and one of the main reasons was that the emperors of later generations thought that they had problems with morality and politics, and their national or governance policies were detrimental to their merits, so they were not able to enshrine the temples of the emperors of the past dynasties. However, objectively speaking, the merits of the three of them are higher than many emperors in the Imperial Temple. It's a pity that many emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties thought that they had a loss in morality and politics, so they didn't let them be enshrined in the imperial temple.
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