In April 1644, the Dashun army was defeated by the Qing army, Li Zicheng disappeared, and the rest of the **. One of the troops led by Gao, Gao Yigong, and Li Jin was transferred to Songzi County, Hubei Province, and reorganized into the "Loyal Battalion";The other group was led by Liu Tichun, Hao Shaoqi, Yuan Zongdi and others to fight in Hunan, and was controlled by He Tengjiao, the governor of Nanming Huguang. Resistance in the Huguang area made it difficult for the Qing army to penetrate deep into Yunnan and Guizhou, relieving the pressure on the Yongli regime.
In 1651 AD, Liu Tichun and others came to eastern Sichuan and formed the Thirteen Kuidong Families with the local armed forces, becoming the last anti-Qing force in the mainland. The Thirteen Families of Kuidong elected Liu Tichun as their leader, and once besieged Jingzhou, but failed when Qing reinforcements arrived. In the ensuing resistance, the Thirteen Clans of Kuidong coordinated with the Yongli regime and maintained a certain military strength.
However, in 1657 AD, Sun Kewang, an internal figure of the Yongli regime, surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and the Qing army launched a full-scale attack. After receiving a request for help from the Yongli regime, the Thirteen Families of Kuidong launched two sieges on Chongqing, but in the second siege, they were betrayed internally, caught in a two-sided attack, and finally defeated. The Qing army took advantage of the situation to march to the southwest, forcing Emperor Yongli to flee to Burma, and the Southern Ming perished. Zheng became the only armed force on the southeast coast that insisted on resisting the Qing Dynasty.
From the first year of Kangxi (1662), the Qing army launched a full-scale attack on the Thirteen Houses of Kuidong from the three directions of Huguang, Shaanxi and Sichuan. The thirteen families of Kuidong put up stubborn resistance and broke through many times, but the disparity in strength led to failure. In December 1663, Liu Tichun committed suicide in defeat, Hao Shaoqi and Yuan Zongdi were captured and killed, and only Li Laiheng was left in the Xingshan Mountains of Yichang, Hubei Province. By the beginning of August 1664, Li Laiheng ran out of ammunition and food, and finally died, and the resistance of the thirteen families of Kuidong came to an end.
The heroic resistance of the 13 families in the east was the last scene in the history of Chinese mainland's resistance to the Qing Dynasty. Their cooperation with the Southern Ming regime played a certain role in the fight against the Qing army, but in the end, under the dilemma of power disparity and internal betrayal, they went to a dead end. This anti-Qing armed force, which evolved from the remnants of Li Zicheng, left a heroic legend of sticking to faith and fighting to the end in the long river of history.
The history of the Thirteen Kuidong Families against the Qing Dynasty is a little-known but heroic and touching chapter in Chinese history. The formation and evolution of this group is a testament to the resilience and resistance of individuals and groups in times of crisis throughout Chinese history. Their stories make one wonder how people have stood up for what they believe in the face of great adversity.
First of all, the formation of the Thirteen Families of Kuidong stemmed from the collapse of the Dashun army, especially after the defeat of Li Zicheng, how some remnants of the forces reorganized in the chaos and found a way to survive. This shows the ability of individuals and groups to save themselves in the face of disaster, and such stories are not isolated but often little known about the turbulent times in China's history.
Secondly, the struggle of the Thirteen Families of Kuidong was not only for survival, but also for the unyielding resistance of the Qing army. In the face of the disparity in strength, they have repeatedly carried out ** and breakthroughs, showing their indomitable will. This spirit of heroism is reminiscent of some other famous protests in Chinese history, such as the Battle of Chibi during the Three Kingdoms period, which exemplifies the heroic performance of the Chinese people in critical moments.
However, the ultimate failure of the Thirteen Kuidong families is also thought-provoking. In the face of internal rebellion, they ultimately failed to hold the last bastion. This reflects the importance of internal unity in the struggle, in addition to external enemies. At the same time, their cooperation with the Yongli regime also shows that in a special period of history, the union and cooperation between the individual and the collective, and between different forces, are crucial for common survival.
The anti-Qing history of the Thirteen Families of Kuidong is a small but resilient group in Chinese history. This story tells us that in the long course of history, every individual and group can become a hero against foreign aggression, and has value and significance that can inspire future generations. Their perseverance and heroic perseverance constitute a precious stroke in Chinese history.
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