Chiang Kai-shek once thought that there were only two people in the world who could replace him, except for ***, who was the other person?
One day in December 1931, Soong Ching-ling visited Chiang Kai-shek's residence and inquired about Deng Yanda's whereabouts. However, Chiang Kai-shek slowly replied: "You will never see him again."
In fact, as early as November 29, Deng Yanda had been secretly executed by Chiang Kai-shek, and he had been blocking the news from the outside world.
When Song Qingling learned of Deng Yanda's death, her originally gentle and calm heart became extremely angry, and she slammed over the coffee table in front of her, as if her heart was also shattered.
On December 19, Soong Ching Ling returned to Shanghai and published the famous "Soong Ching Ling Declaration". In the manifesto, she made it clear: "The fact that the Chinese Kuomintang has lost its status as a revolutionary bloc cannot be ignored.
The Kuomintang declined not because of external enemies, but because of its internal leaders. Deng Yanda's departure made Song Qingling's heart full of grief, and this pain could not be dissipated in her heart for a long time.
Chiang Kai-shek once claimed that there were only two figures in the world who could replace him, and one of them had been eliminated by his own hands. Needless to say, this first person is our *** chairman.
and the other is Deng Yanda, who was poisoned by him. Chiang Kai-shek was conceited and uninhibited all his life, and never took ordinary people seriously. So, how did Deng Yanda get the high attention of Chiang Kai-shek, and therefore became the target of his desire to get rid of him?
Deng Yanda was born in 1895 and is a native of Huiyang, Guangdong. Although his life was short, only 36 years, it was full of legends. Deng Yanda's name may be unfamiliar, but his life has always been closely linked to the wave of revolution in China.
It was through the accumulation of these experiences that he eventually became a figure that made Chiang Kai-shek, a famous figure, fearful.
In 1909, Deng Yanda was admitted to the Guangdong Army Primary School, and at that time he had secretly joined the League, laying a solid foundation for his future participation in the revolution. Two years later, he graduated.
It coincided with the outbreak of the Xinhai Revolution, and the domestic situation underwent drastic changes. The enthusiastic Deng Yanda, together with many people with lofty ideals, joined the Chaoshan Uprising, and then participated in the Northern Expedition of the Guangdong Northern Expeditionary Army.
Deng Yanda actively participated in revolutionary activities and Xi at military schools in various places, accumulating rich military knowledge and outstanding military talents. He made many like-minded friends at the military academy, which had an important influence on his later joining the Whampoa Military Academy and becoming the deputy director of the school's coaching department and the chief captain.
After graduation, Deng Yanda always adhered to the revolutionary ideals, and through the recommendation of He Ziyuan, he joined Sun Yat-sen's Fujian Zhangzhou Fujian Guangdong Army as a battalion commander.
In August of the same year, the Fujian and Guangdong troops returned to Guangdong and expelled the Gui warlords. As the captain of the gendarmerie, Deng Yanda often gave advice to his superiors and was highly praised by Deng Zhongyuan.
He gradually approached Sun Yat-sen, and was deeply attracted by Sun Yat-sen's personality and wisdom, and decided to follow him for the rest of his life. For many years after that, they were both superiors and subordinates, and more like confidants and friends.
However, Chen Jiongmin's rebellion forced Sun Yat-sen to move from Guangdong to Shanghai, which was also an important turning point in Deng Yanda's life.
On the recommendation of the revolutionary officers of the 1st Division, Deng Yanda secretly went to Shanghai to meet with Sun Yat-sen. After returning to Guangdong, he secretly contacted the Yunnan, Guangdong, and Guizhou armies in accordance with Sun Yat-sen's instructions, and organized a crusade against the rebels on the western route.
In the course of this operation, Deng Yanda served as the commander-in-chief of the former enemy, and successfully led the various units to reoccupy Guangzhou and welcome Sun Yat-sen back to Guangzhou. Sun Yat-sen began to take a keen interest in this young and talented Deng Yanda.
In 1923, Sun Yat-sen established the Generalissimo Base Camp of the Army and Navy in Guangzhou, and he appointed Deng Yanda as the commander of the Third Regiment of the First Division of the Army. After several years of working together, the relationship between Deng Yanda and Sun Yat-sen has become increasingly close, and their tacit understanding has been continuously improved.
In those turbulent times, trust and loyalty became extremely precious. Soon after, the Dian army under the jurisdiction of the Generalissimo's Mansion appeared traitors, and in order to protect Sun Yat-sen and the Marshal's Mansion that he had painstakingly built, Deng Yanda hurried back to Guangzhou.
At this time, Sun Yat-sen had deeply understood Deng Yanda's loyalty and determination, and he knew that although this young man was young, he had the same patriotic enthusiasm as him.
Therefore, Sun Yat-sen decided that he must bring this young man to a broader revolutionary stage.
On a seemingly ordinary day, Sun Yat-sen and his supporters held a solemn ceremony at the Generalissimo's Palace. The guards were lined up in a uniform manner, and Sun Yat-sen strode towards Deng Yanda, smiling, and he announced in public: "I have decided to grant you the position of major general to join the army......As soon as Sun Yat-sen's words fell, Song Qingling stepped forward and handed over a precious gift to Deng Yanda: "Choose a life, this is the ** given to you by Mr. Sun and the couplet given to you by the book."
The couplet was slowly unfolded by Chen Youren, who was standing aside, only to see that it read: "Cultivate the spirit of dedication, get rid of the nature of greed for life and fear of death" 14 big characters.
Now it seems that these 14 words turned out to be Sun Yat-sen's encouragement to Deng Yanda, and who knew that it had invisibly become a true portrayal or summary of Deng Yanda's life.
In 1924, Dr. Sun Yat-sen formally established the three major policies of "uniting Russia, uniting the Communist Party, and supporting peasants and workers", and on this basis, he established a revolutionary united front with the cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party as the main body.
In the same year, the Whampoa Military Academy began to be prepared and attracted much attention. On June 1, the Whampoa Military Academy officially opened, with Li Jichen as the deputy director and Deng Yanda as the regiment commander, below the principal.
In order to devote himself to the work of the military academy, Deng Yanda resigned from the post of commander of the 1st Division and the 3rd Regiment. During his time at the Whampoa Military Academy, Deng Yanda not only imparted practical military knowledge to the students, but also taught them to love the country and the people, not to be greedy for petty profits, and not to do anything harmful to the country and the people.
Li Jishen's Whampoa Military Academy was a diversified educational platform at the time, with students from not only the Kuomintang but also the Communist Party. Although the latter was often suppressed and bullied, and even secretly calculated, Deng Yanda always insisted on fairness and justice, and treated all students equally.
He won the respect and love of his students with his upright personality and military demeanor, and his talent and bravery were admired, and his uprightness was even more praised.
During Deng Yanda's tenure at the Whampoa Military Academy, his status even surpassed that of Chiang Kai-shek, who served as the principal, and he became a role model in the minds of students.
With his diligence, steadfastness, integrity and sincerity, Deng Yanda has won wide recognition inside and outside the party, inside and outside the school. At first, he worked with Chiang Kai-shek, and the relationship between the two was limited to superiors and subordinates, working together on the Kuomintang and the Whampoa Military Academy.
During the Northern Expedition, Chiang Kai-shek even reused Deng Yanda, showing that he, like Sun Yat-sen, attached great importance to Deng Yanda's talent. Deng Yanda was also willing to work for Chiang Kai-shek.
However, over time, a rift appeared in their relationship, and eventually due to a change in position, their relationship broke down completely, and Chiang Kai-shek went from admiring Deng Yanda's talent to destroying his talent.
The initial incident that led to the estrangement of Deng and Chiang may have been the dispute over the relocation of the capital. The effects of the Northern Expedition led Chiang Kai-shek to plan to move the capital to Wuhan. On November 26, after discussion, the people made the decision to move the capital, and arranged for Deng Yanda to go to Wuhan first to make preparations.
In mid-December, the Kuomintang temporarily decided to set up a temporary joint meeting of the executive members of the Kuomintang Central Committee and the National Committee in Wuhan before moving the capital, so as to exercise the supreme power in the short term and ensure the daily work of the Kuomintang.
At the same time, Deng Yanda was elected as the chairman of the publicity committee of the temporary joint meeting. However, no one expected that this caused Chiang Kai-shek to be highly vigilant.
Deng Yanda is a representative of the left wing of the Kuomintang, and his loyalty to the party and the state is unquestionable, but he also has some concerns. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek thought of a possible solution, which was to move the capital to Wuhan.
However, he feared that his forces would be constrained and his movements restricted, which was the last thing he wanted. Therefore, he decided to take insurance measures and proposed to move the capital to Nanchang, Jiangxi.
Some people may ask, why choose Nanchang?It turned out that Nanchang was the location of Chiang Kai-shek's most trusted troops, and choosing Nanchang meant "maximizing interests" for him.
On January 3, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek convened an extraordinary meeting in Nanchang, and Wuhan sent Deng Yanda and Song Ziwen to attend the meeting.
Chiang Kai-shek violated the premier's legacy, opposed the premier's three major policies, perverted, and personally. If he doesn't come to Wuhan, I oppose him, and if he comes to Wuhan, I will oppose him. ”
Deng Yanda is a pure person, he is dedicated to the country and does not consider personal interests. But there were too few such people, and he incurred many resentments. However, Chiang Kai-shek did not directly target him, he knew that Deng Yanda was for the interests of the party, so he did not hate him too much.
On the contrary, Borodin was considered an obstacle to the relocation of the capital. Most people would have chosen to hide in such a situation, but Deng Yanda once again stood up against Chiang Kai-shek's expulsion of Borodin.
This made Chiang Kai-shek very angry, and even wrote the words "Bahu" in his diary. It can be seen that Chiang Kai-shek was still dissatisfied with Deng Yanda's straightforwardness and frankness, which made their relations very strained.
An irreparable gap arose between Borodin and Markovich because of a number of events. In order to stop Chiang Kai-shek's personal military ** plan, a party power movement led by Deng Yanda was launched in Wuhan in February.
In this movement, Deng Yanda published an article entitled "What Should Everyone Pay Attention to Now" in Hankow***. In the article, Deng Yanda has a clear idea, without too much emotional color, and the whole text is about how to correctly let the party lead everyone forward.
In the article, Deng Yanda made it clear that in order to establish the party's authority, military command must obey the party's guidance.
In the follow-up, "* also published an "Outline of the Propaganda of Party Affairs of the Chinese Kuomintang" presided over by Deng Yanda. In this outline, Deng Yanda fearlessly pointed out Chiang Kai-shek's six major crimes.
They are: the first is to violate the party constitution, the second is to control, the third is to interfere in party affairs, the fourth is to abuse power, the fifth is to shelter reaction, and the sixth is to oppose resolutions.
As a result, the Executive Committee, which is responsible for directing party affairs throughout the country, is unable to exercise its duties. Deng Yanda's logical clarity and clear goal are as clear as ever, and these words are sharp and admirable.
I have to admit that Deng Yanda has courage and perseverance beyond ordinary people, he is not afraid of Chiang Kai-shek, who is powerful and has a status higher than himself, but has come forward many times, pointed out his mistakes, and never considered that he would be in danger because of this.
Of course, Deng Yanda may have been prepared for the worst in his heart, and he did not back down because of this.
Deng Yanda began to call on all people with lofty ideals to jointly resist Chiang Kai-shek's ** rule, and for a while, he won a lot of support. On the other hand, Chiang Kai-shek realized that if he did not take action, he would fall into a completely passive situation, so he took the initiative to write a letter to Deng Yanda.
In the letter, Chiang Kai-shek did not express his dissatisfaction with Deng Yanda, but showed a very moderate attitude: "In the past ten years, we have experienced many difficulties together, and we have always adhered to the revolutionary spirit, until now, when the Northern Expedition occurred, there were differences, which led to **, which made me feel very sad.
It is my sincere hope that you will turn the tide and work together to achieve unity. "Chiang Kai-shek not only did not blame Deng Yanda, but suggested that he be made chief of staff of the General Headquarters.
This shows that, apart from other factors, Chiang Kai-shek had a far-sighted strategic vision, and although Deng Yanda openly opposed him many times, he took a fancy to Deng Yanda's talent and did not want to be his enemy.
Deng Yanda was not confused by Chiang Kai-shek's few rhetoric, and he was unmoved by Chiang Kai-shek's generosity. On the contrary, he made it clear in his reply: "I have no other opinion about the principal, but I think that the revolution will never succeed if he leads in the same way."
Only by adhering to the three major policies in accordance with my proposition, drawing a clear line of demarcation from all the old and mediocre and bureaucratic politicians, and strictly rectifying the ranks of the revolution, can we achieve the victory of the revolution.
If the principal can do this, I am still willing to accept his leadership. It doesn't matter if you are chief of staff or not. In the correspondence, although the two men did not explicitly express their break, in reality, they were already on different sides.
In April 1937, Chiang Kai-shek decided to "attack" and convened a meeting to "clean up the party", and Deng Yanda was listed as a Category C element and became the target of the attack.
Chiang Kai-shek had apparently realized that weakness and helplessness would not solve the problem, and he decided to take tough measures. Soon after, the shocking 412 "Qing Party Incident" broke out in the Shanghai area.
In the face of this heinous behavior, Deng Yanda disregarded the dissuasion of those around him and once again stood up and severely condemned Chiang Kai-shek as a "sinner for the ages" who served imperialism. Deng Yanda, together with many patriotic figures, publicly released the "Telegram Against Chiang Kai-shek", severely criticizing Chiang Kai-shek's harm to the country and the people.
In the face of Chiang Kai-shek's counter-revolutionary coup, Deng Yanda ran around and made many efforts, but in the end he could not change the situation, and could only watch the fruits of the revolution being eroded by Chiang Kai-shek little by little.
Seeing that he could not play a role, Deng Yanda's mood became more and more depressed, and finally wrote "Farewell to the Comrades of the Chinese Kuomintang". Obviously, he needs to find new motivation to keep him going.
After resigning, Deng Yanda did not sink, but chose to go abroad for further study. Despite many difficulties, his revolutionary fervor did not fade, but became more determined.
He is eager to arm himself with more knowledge to fight his enemies. His first stop was Russia in the Soviet Union, and then he went to Berlin, Germany. During his overseas Xi days, Deng Yanda not only increased his knowledge, but also regained the courage to fight against Chiang Kai-shek.
With full enthusiasm and knowledge, Deng Yanda secretly returned to his motherland. However, news of his return soon reached Chiang Kai-shek's ears. Knowing that Deng Yanda had returned, Chiang Kai-shek's heart rose again.
There are very few people in the world who can make him so afraid, and Deng Yanda has always been one of them.
Originally, Chiang Kai-shek expected that Deng Yanda would choose to hide because of the turmoil of the current situation, but he did not expect him to reappear soon and was determined to change the status quo alone. In May 1930, Deng Yanda founded the Provisional Action Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang, which clearly put forward the goal of overthrowing the Chiang Kai-shek regime and establishing democracy.
After returning to China, Deng Yanda's thinking and vision improved, and he told his colleagues that they should concentrate on defeating Chiang Kai-shek's army, and that only by carrying out a military campaign could they overthrow his rule.
Obviously, this time, the relationship between Deng and Jiang has completely broken down. In the past, Chiang Kai-shek may have been thinking about wooing Deng Yanda and sincerely appreciating his talents.
But now, Chiang Kai-shek only wanted to get rid of this hidden danger.
Deng Yanda was arrested by Chiang Kai-shek with a reward of 300,000 yuan, and his friends suggested that he go to Hong Kong to hide, but he remembered Sun Yat-sen's words and decided not to fear life and death. In his closing speech at the cadre training course, he was informant by a traitor, and was eventually arrested by the patrol and handed over to Chiang Kai-shek.
Although Deng Yanda posed a threat to Chiang Kai-shek, Chiang Kai-shek was entangled and did not deal with him immediately.
If Deng Yanda could be transformed from an enemy into a friend, for Chiang Kai-shek, it would be like receiving God's help. Therefore, Chiang Kai-shek once went to Deng Yanda in person, hoping that he would give up resistance and join his camp, but Deng Yanda still resolutely refused.
Deng Yanda said: "I want to fight for the justice of the Chinese nation. In the end, Chiang Kai-shek gave up on the persuasion and decided to put Deng Yanda to death. On November 29, in Shazigang outside the Qilin Gate in Nanjing, this great revolutionary soldier with a righteous and patriotic heart fell quietly.
In front of Mr. Deng Yanda's tombstone, generations of people have walked by. In the long river of history, countless people like Deng Yanda have faced the choice of heroic sacrifice or betrayal at the critical moment of life and death.
Some people are greedy for life and fear of death and choose to betray the people and the country, but there are also many people, like Deng Yanda, who still stick to justice under the threat of life and death. Although Deng Yanda has passed away, and those who once fought against him have also left, Deng Yanda's integrity and justice will be remembered and praised forever by future generations, and those black-hearted forces and those who disregard the safety of the people will be spurned and condemned by people from generation to generation.