5,000 Years of Continuous River: Taking Stock of the Long History of Chinese Civilization.
The origin of Chinese civilization can be traced back to the Yangshao culture and Longshan culture in the Neolithic Age. The Yangshao culture existed in the Yellow River valley between about 5000 and 3000 BC and represented the face of the agricultural society of the time. The Longshan culture originated in the Yellow River and Bohai Sea regions between about 3000 and 2000 BC, marking the emergence of bronzeful faience during this period. In ancient times, China's Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties laid the foundation of Chinese civilization. The Xia Dynasty, which emerged from the 21st century BC to the 16th century BC, had established a relatively complete political system and social form. Later, the culture of the Shang Dynasty and the Zhou Dynasty was even more brilliant, and the bronzes unearthed in the Yin Ruins, the capital of the Shang Dynasty, showed superb casting technology, and the appearance of oracle bone inscriptions was the beginning of China's writing that can be conclusively verified. During the Zhou Dynasty, the Zhou Gong assisted King Cheng to formulate the ritual music system, which laid the foundation for the social order and ethical norms of Chinese civilization.
Xia Shang Zhou: The origin of Chinese civilization is not Egypt.
China's Xia, Shang and Zhou periods are the true origin of Chinese civilization, and they have no relationship with Egypt at all. Prior to the discovery of the oracle bone inscriptions, Western scholars still denied the authenticity of the history of the Xia and Shang dynasties in China because there were no supporting texts. However, the appearance of oracle bone inscriptions has undoubtedly confirmed that Chinese writing dates back to the Shang Dynasty. A large number of Shang Dynasty ruins have been unearthed, such as Yinxu and Yanshi Erligang, all of which confirm the highly developed form of social organization and advanced bronze smelting technology during this period. For example, the slag used to purify bronze in the ** soil of the Erligang copper mine site shows that China's smelting industry has been quite advanced as early as 3,000 years ago. Ancient China was a melting pot of multi-ethnic coexistence, the Central Plains culture was inclusive, and the rise of Chinese civilization was by no means unique to a foreign race.
Qin and Han dynasties: the first peak in Chinese history.
The Qin and Han dynasties were the first peak of the development of Chinese civilization, and China's national strength and scientific and technological strength reached a leading position at that time. In 221 BC, Qin Shi Huang, the monarch of the Qin Dynasty, completed the first great unification of China and laid the foundation for the unification of the Chinese nation. The Qin Dynasty implemented unified standards for writing, weights and measures, currency, etc., making China truly a unified multi-ethnic state. During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, ancient China's science and technology developed rapidly, and the opening of the Silk Road promoted cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries. The Han Dynasty's paper, compass, cartography and other technologies were ahead of the contemporary world. Zhang Heng's invention of the wind and ground motion instrument is the world's first scientific device that can detect the best.
The Silk Road: How the Han and Tang Dynasties led the world in science and technology.
During the reign of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, Zhang Qian, a permanent attendant, sent an envoy to the Western Regions, opening the passage of the Silk Road. The smooth passage of the Silk Road accelerated the spread of Chinese culture to the West, and Chinese silk, ceramics and other goods were shipped to Europe through the Silk Road, which were highly sought after by the European upper class. The Silk Road also contributed to the mutual learning of Eastern and Western ideas and cultures, through which religions such as Buddhism, Manichaeism, and Nestorianism spread to China, and the scientific ideas of ancient Greece and Rome were also introduced to China through the Silk Road. In the Tang Dynasty, Xuanzang traveled west to learn scriptures and brought a large number of Buddhist scriptures back to China, which promoted the prosperity and development of Chinese Buddhist thought. Ancient China was in a leading position in science and technology, such as the astronomical calendar, medicine and iron making, and the opening of the Silk Road accelerated the exchange and collision of knowledge and technology around the world.
In the face of doubts, we should maintain cultural self-confidence: Chinese civilization is broad and profound.
As a country with an ancient civilization, China's cultural heritage and historical accumulation are universally recognized. Chinese classical works such as "Historical Records" and "Zizhi Tongjian" are magnificent pearls in the treasure house of human civilization. The four great inventions of ancient China have had a profound impact on the entire history of the world. However, due to language barriers and cultural differences, some Western scholars do not fully understand Chinese culture, and have misread or even deliberately distorted Chinese history. In the face of doubts, we should maintain confidence and resilience, uphold the spirit of scientific rigor and truth-seeking, continue to explore and organize the historical and cultural heritage of Chinese civilization, so that the essence of Chinese civilization can be fully displayed to the world.
This is a microcosm of the long history of Chinese civilization. We must confidently tell the world that the Chinese civilization has lasted for 5,000 years and occupies an irreplaceable and important position in the history of human civilization, and that the Chinese nation has the creativity and eternal vitality to create a splendid civilization. What do you think we're headed in the future?Welcome to leave a message to discuss!