Discussing the color of China's private economy, this issue is really a little sensitive, but I think this topic is very interesting, which contains some paradoxes, according to the general logic, a person is born with original sin, desperately fighting in a perfectly competitive market, full of blood;Relying on tax evasion and evasion, the group that completes capital accumulation with the treatment of employees will inevitably end up gray.
1. The birth of China's private economy is gray.
China's private economy is gray from birth, with original sin, which is mainly attributed to the nature of the country, China is a typical socialist country, the Communist Party of China is the political party of the broad masses of workers and peasants, the party's ultimate goal is to eliminate private ownership, eliminate exploitation and oppression, in the theory of surplus value, capital and the owners of capital (capitalists) are forever nailed to the pillar of shame in history.
Reform and opening up, being able to tolerate the existence of the private economy, thanks to Deng Gong, Xiaoping said at the timeIt doesn't matter if it's a white cat or a black cat, as long as you catch a mouse, it's a good catThis conclusion has enabled everyone to come out of the atmosphere of class struggle, no longer discuss the elements of builders, no longer discuss the nature of enterprises, and devote themselves wholeheartedly to economic construction.
However, Xiaoping's conclusion did not fundamentally solve the qualitative problem of the private economy in a socialist country, but only temporarily avoided this contradiction1. Although it doesn't matter about white cats and black cats, your private economy is a black cat after all, and it can never be bleached. 2. As long as you catch the mouse, it is a good cat, and once you can't catch the mouse, it is an inferior cat or a dead cat.
In socialist countries, according to Marxist theory, the private economy can never get rid of the label of capitalist and exploiting class. The influence of this label,It is of the same nature as the caste system of India and the descendant system of feudal society.
After so many years of reform and opening up, there have been batches of politicians and economists, but no one has dared to tear off the label of the private economy and give him a normal birth certificate.
The private economy is born with original sin, it is gray.
Second, the track of the private economy is gray
The industries where the private economy is clustered are manufacturing and service industries.
The situation in the manufacturing industry is very clear: the investment in fixed assets is relatively large, and the cycle is longAt the bottom end of the smile curve, margins are thin;Affected by market demand, the competition is fierce.
The situation of the service industry is clearer to everyone, the service industry is dependent on the quality of service competition, even if you make money, you are also making a few hard money.
On the other hand, state-owned enterprises occupy a track that is basically related to monopoly, either resource monopoly or market monopoly. For example, resource monopoly, mines, coal, ports, market monopoly, such as water supply, power supply, gas, communications, etc., you can see a phenomenon, in the county, there are basically no manufacturing, service-oriented state-owned enterprises, if there are state-owned enterprises, it must be based on monopoly, without competition can obtain high monopoly profits.
The reason why it is said that the tracks occupied by private enterprises are gray is because these tracks are not possible for state-owned enterprises to do, and they are not willing to do well, which are full of competition, storms, and uncertainties.
Third, the style of private enterprises is gray
1. Private enterprises generally have two sets of accounts, a set of external accounts, a set of internal accounts, external accounts for taxation, internal accounts to check themselves, the purpose is to evade taxes, now the first network, tax evasion space is getting smaller and smaller, but there are policies, there are countermeasures, tax evasion methods are explored.
2. If private enterprises want to survive, the relationship with the best functional departments at all levels must be handled, and red envelopes and gifts for the New Year and festivals are indispensable.
3. The work and rest time of private enterprises is generally two shifts and 26 days of work, which is incompatible with the "Labor Law", and the money earned by most private enterprises is the hard-earned money of workers (this is indeed consistent with Marx's surplus theory). Therefore, in most private enterprises, there is not much interaction between managers and employees, and employees have no sense of belonging.
In short, the living environment of private enterprises is bad, in order to survive, in order to complete the primitive accumulation of capital, he may do whatever it takes, and many of the means are gray.
Fourth, the hearts of private entrepreneurs are full of gray.
Private entrepreneurs have no political identity, unlike state-owned enterprises, central enterprises have the main department and deputy ministerial level, provincial enterprises have the main department and deputy department level, city and county state-owned enterprises have levels, this level is his political identity, compared with private enterprises, he has no political identity, that is, to be the richest man like Ma Yun and Ma Huateng, in the eyes of others, he is just a businessman. In China, a country that values politics over business, people who lack political status but have huge wealth are insecure, and Shi Chong of the Eastern Jin Dynasty is a typical case.
Therefore, many people, after getting rich, donate a member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, a deputy to the National People's Congress, and some people, take the road of collusion between politics and business, in fact, businessmen are looking for a place to take refuge, of course, more people choose to emigrate, this is self-protection, away from risks.
Fifth, the future of private enterprises is gray
The sword of Damocles has always hung high over the heads of private enterprises, and China's socialist society, how to go on the road to common prosperity;Whether to eliminate the gap between the rich and the poor and reduce polarization;Whether to eliminate private ownership, this involves the ultimate truth of the matter, who dare not take a stand, in recent years, the mention of national enterprises, is also repeatedly tossed, so, the future of private enterprises, the sky is gray.