Three minutes to talk about culture
The environment is closed, the time is rushed, and the tense atmosphere in the examination room can make people feel like a mountain of pressure in an instant, and it is difficult to perform normally. That's why people often say: there is no good work in the examination room. However, turning back the clock to the Tang Dynasty of more than 1,000 years, there was an exception in the 10th year of Tianbao (751).
In Chang'an City in the early spring of that year, a Jinshi exam was held as scheduled. The content of the exam is a poem that the imperial court attaches great importance to, and the title is "Xiangling Drum". When a young candidate got the exam questions, he immediately wrote down the first five couplets that were fresh and tactful, neat and elegant.
Suddenly, his thoughts were blocked, and it was difficult to continue writing, and he couldn't write the last two sentences for a long time. At the most anxious moment, he had a flash of inspiration and remembered a verse he had heard in his sleep. Whether in terms of vocal rhythm or artistic conception, those two lines of poetry fit his poems perfectly. At the end of the exam, this poem won the first place, and the candidate not only successfully passed the exam, but also established his immortal reputation in the Tang Dynasty poetry circle.
The romantic poem title, coupled with a little divine help, has made a stunning work in the imperial examination room. This is the Great Calendar poet Qian Qi's "Provincial Test of Xiangling Drums":
Good drum clouds and Se, often hear the emperor's spirit.
Feng Yikong danced to himself, and Chu Ke was unbearable.
The bitter tone is poignant, and the clear sound is in the dark.
Cangwu came to complain, and Bai Zhi moved Fangxin.
The flowing water spreads to Xiaopu, and the sad wind passes through the cave.
At the end of the song, no one is gone, and there are several peaks on the river.
The phrase "Xiangling Drum" comes from Qu Yuan's poem "Far Travel", "Make Xiangling Drum Sad, Make Hairuo Dance Feng Yi", which tells a beautiful and sad legend of Emperor Shun and his two ladies. Emperor Shun toured south and did not return, buried in Cangwu Mountain, his concubine Empress E, Nuying wept bitterly, tears sprinkled bamboo branches, forming spot tears;The two threw themselves into the water and died, turning into the gods of Xiangshui. They often drummed on the river and expressed their sorrows.
The second concubine of Shun threw herself into the water and died, turning into the god of Xiangshui. They often drummed on the river and expressed their sorrows.
The theme of this poem is clear, and it is intended to chant the loyal and noble emotions of the goddess of Xiangshui. After passing the examination of the questions, the candidates must use their talents to write poems with flying style and moving rhyme. In the Tang Dynasty, the imperial examination, which was presided over by the Ministry of Rites of Shangshu Province, was called the "Provincial Examination". The test-taking poems in the provincial examination, also known as the test post poems, choose one more poem or allusion as the topic, and require the candidates to make a poem with five words and six rhymes (two sentences are a couplet, and the next rhyme is a rhyme) of the poem, and from the level, rhyme to structure and content, strict restrictions have been made.
In accordance with the requirements of the exam, the first joint to break the question, the beginning of the meaning;The second joint question further clarifies the meaning of the topic. The main task of the first two couplets of the poem is to disassemble the title and reproduce the original poetic conception. Qian Qi's poem, in the first couplet, uses the first half of the original poem to summarize the theme, telling that the concubine of Emperor Shun and the goddess of Xiangshui are good at playing the poignant tone, leaving a beautiful and complaining music in the world.
Feng Yikong danced to himself, and Chu Ke was unbearable. The second half of the original poem is used: The river god Feng Yi does not understand the grievances in the song, but he is fascinated and dances with music;Chudi tourists feel the sad sound in the song, and the sigh of life experience and the thoughts of family and country are intertwined in their hearts, and they can't bear to listen to it. The "Chu Ke" in the sentence chases Qu Yuan from afar and suffers slander, travels to the country, but lingers in a nostalgic mood;It refers to his own departure from his hometown to Beijing, and his nostalgia is difficult to send, and he is confused and melancholy about his personal career and future national fortunes, which is a pun and rich in meaning.
The poet narrates the story, bringing the reader into the poetic world of fairy music and the coexistence of gods and men, and creating a poignant atmosphere of weeping and ethereal fantasy. The sad and sad tone fills the heavens and the earth and touches all things in the world. The poet then uses a triptych to exaggerate the power of the song to move the heavens and the earth.
The melody is poignant, touching the hard and merciless Jinshi;The sound was high-pitched, resounding through the vast and distant sky. The music was transmitted to Cangwu Mountain, and Emperor Shun's heroic spirit woke up for it, and he had thoughts of resentment;The angelica herbs all over the mountains exude more refreshing aromas. The music flowed along the water all over the waters of Xiaoxiang, turning into a desolate and sad long wind in the smoke and clouds and water vapor, blowing endlessly towards the 800-mile Dongting Lake.
The melody is poignant, touching the hard and merciless Jinshi;The sound was high-pitched, resounding through the vast and distant sky. The music was transmitted to Cangwu Mountain, and Emperor Shun's heroic spirit woke up for it, and he had thoughts of resentment;The angelica herbs all over the mountains exude more refreshing aromas. The music flowed along the water all over the waters of Xiaoxiang, turning into a desolate and sad long wind in the smoke and clouds and water vapor, blowing endlessly towards the 800-mile Dongting Lake.
The poet chooses common images of Chu Ci such as Cangwu, Angelica Angelica, Flowing Water, Xiaopu, Sad Wind, Dongting, etc., to highlight the sadness and grievance of the music, echo the spatial background of the poem, highlight the emotional tone of the poem's misty and beautiful beauty, and achieve a perfect blend of scenery, music and emotion.
Driven by the flowing water and sad wind, Xiang Ling's interpretation of the song reached the most wonderful and moving peak, and also entered the final part. As the music fades away, the beautiful and affectionate Xiang Ling is gone, only the vast river and the lush green peaks, as if they are still reverberating with the endless **.
At the end of the song, no one is gone, and there are several peaks on the river. The tail couplet of the poem can be called the genius of the whole article, and its beauty lies in: the beginning and the end echo, the poem begins with the legend of Xiang Ling, and ends with Xiang Ling hidden, forming a harmonious whole;Fiction and reality are born together, and Xiang Ling never really appears in the poem, only at the end of the positive depiction of the riverside green peak, which strengthens the sad and melancholy emotion;With the scenery and love, it presents an ethereal and expansive picture to end the poignant and pathetic music, leaving the reader with infinite reverie and aftertaste.
It was not easy for the ancients to complete the task of writing poems for examinations, let alone to carry forward their talents to write excellent works. Qian Qi's "Xiangling Drum" is even more commendable, and was praised by the ancients as a swan song of "one hundred million without one".
Qian Qi, whose name is Zhongwen, is a poet in the early Middle Tang Dynasty who experienced the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. During the Great Calendar after the Anshi Rebellion, Qian Qi and nine scribes sang and harmonized with each other, and traveled to each other, forming a small group of poets, namely the "Ten Talents of the Great Calendar", and Qian Qi ranked first among the Ten Talents.
His early years were spent in the prosperous era of the Tang Dynasty, but "ten years of dedication has not been met", he left home many times to catch the exam, but frequently fell first, and became a frustrated literati in that glorious heyday. Until the tenth year of Tianbao, he was admired by the chief examiner for his aura of "Provincial Examination Xiangling Drum", and served as a minor official such as a school secretary in the court. Only a few years later, before Qian Qi had time to display his talents, he encountered the Anshi Rebellion that changed history.
In the midst of the war, Qian Qi was transferred to Lantian and still sank into the subordinate for many years. However, in the troubled times, he was a relatively lucky literati, neither the danger of being caught in thieves, nor the ups and downs of being imprisoned, but he was able to live a life of peace and stability, half of hiding. Therefore, Qian Qi's poems, although they reveal the emotions of wasting time and mourning the world, show more leisure and tranquility. Its poetic style is no longer prosperous Tang Xiong's abundant spirit, and it turns to the poetry style of the great calendar that is clear and diluted, tactful and quiet.
Qian Qi left very few life deeds, and the scientific expedition of Tianbao's ten years was probably the only "highlight moment" in his life. The song "Provincial Test of Xiangling Drums" is also his most prestigious work, and even left a fabulous legend in the official history "Old Tang Book".
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