Open field cultivation is a traditional farming method, although this production method is limited by the season, the yield is unstable. But the melons grown are of good quality and taste, and are deeply loved by people. For growers, taking corresponding measures can also grow open-field cucumbers, and the economic income is no worse than that of protected land. This article will talk about the key technical measures for open-field cucumber planting.
1. Sow seeds in a timely manner and cultivate strong seedlings of appropriate age.
Due to the temperature restrictions, cucumbers in spring dew fields can not be planted early, and then sown when the temperature is suitable, and the cucumber growth period is significantly shortened. Therefore, the use of greenhouse facilities to raise seedlings, cultivate age-appropriate strong seedlings, when the temperature is suitable for growth, planting to the field, prolong the growth period of cucumbers, improve the yield.
The seedling time is sown in early and mid-March, the seedling age is 40 to 45 days, and the ground temperature of 5 cm is stable above 12 degrees and planted in the field.
The difference between open field planting and shed is that melon seedlings should be trained before planting. This is because the temperature of the seedbed is not the same as the outside temperature, there is a big difference, in order to make the melon seedlings adapt to the natural temperature, the seedlings should be refined 5 7 days before planting, that is, increase the ventilation of the shed, during the day or half uncover the full film, and cover it at night. The film should not be covered at night for 3 days before planting, so that strong seedlings can be cultivated.
Second, choose the right varieties.
Cucumbers are planted in spring dew fields, and experience low temperatures in spring at the seedling stage and high temperatures in summer at the late growth stage. In addition, the climate is changeable at the turn of spring and summer, and the wind is dry and dry. Therefore, in order to achieve high yield of cucumber, it is necessary to choose varieties with strong adaptability, low temperature tolerance at seedling stage, strong growth, disease resistance and early maturity, and high yield. Such as Jiza No. 1, Jinlu No. 4, Jinyan No. 4, Jinchun No. 5 and other varieties.
3. Loose and fertilize the soil.
The root distribution of cucumber is shallow, and the main root group is distributed in a 20 cm tillage layer. The ability to absorb fertilizer and water is weak, and it is not resistant to drought and waterlogging. Therefore, the planting plot should be loose and fertile, with a high content of organic matter. This requires that the soil should be deeply cultivated and raked before planting, and foot fertilizer should be applied. Generally, spring cucumbers should be deeply ploughed and frozen in the soil before the year, and organic fertilizer should be applied, and the amount of organic fertilizer should be 4 5 square meters. After the year, the top rake the ground to protect moisture. Half a month before planting, chemical fertilizer was applied and shallow tillage was carried out to make ridges (furrows). Apply 80 kg of compound fertilizer and an appropriate amount of trace elements per mu.
Fourth, fertilizer and water regulation.
4 5 days after planting, melon seedlings grow new roots, and young leaves occur at the growth point, indicating that the seedlings have been slowed, and 1 secondary seedling water should be watered at this time (if the soil is very wet, it can not be said or watered late). At this time, it is early spring and the ground temperature is still low, so do not water too much, so as not to lower the ground temperature, or the soil moisture is too high and cause the root to be rooted. When the surface is slightly dry, it should be cultivated 2 3 times in time to increase the ground temperature and promote the root system.
From planting to the root melon sitting down (the melon strips are long, the color turns green), the cultivation management should highlight a "control" word, more cultivation and loosening soil, less watering, improve the root growth environment, promote the development of the root system, and achieve the purpose of deep autumn root, a large number of flower buds differentiation, and root melon sitting firmly. However, squatting seedlings should be appropriate, and they should be judged comprehensively according to the appearance of the seedlings and the dry and wet conditions of the soil at any time, and decide whether to water or not. If only the root melon is judged by whether the root melon sits or not, it may cause the growth of seedlings to be hindered, cause the bitterness of the melon or root melon to increase, and affect the yield. When the root melon sits and the melon strips are obviously long, it should be watered with water or manure dilute water once in time to promote the growth of the root melon and melon seedlings.
After entering the melon setting stage, the outside temperature gradually increases, the growth rate of melon strips and stems and leaves accelerates, and with the continuous harvesting of melon strips, the absorption of fertilizer and water also increases. In this period, the word "promote" should be highlighted in management. However, the degree of "promotion" should vary according to the plant growth period and changes in the external environment, in principle, it is first light, then large, and then small. In the growth period of root melon, the melon is still small, the growth of the plant is still small, and the outside temperature is still low.
Entering the peak period of melon (waist melon growth period), the temperature is high, the light is sufficient, the plant sits on the melon, the stem and leaf growth is vigorous, the vegetative growth and reproductive growth have reached the peak, the demand for fertilizer and water is gradually increasing, at this time a large amount of fertilizer and watering, watering every 1 2 days, or even watering 1 time a day, watering should be carried out in the morning. Watering should master the principle of small amounts and many times, and do not flood with water. Fertilization is generally combined with watering, once with water, once with fertilizer. The amount of top dressing is 10 kg of compound fertilizer per mu each time or an appropriate amount of functional fertilizer (according to the instructions).
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