The Qiqi Lugou Bridge Incident is like a big stage, and all kinds of contradictions and conflicts are staged on this stage. The contradictions between China and Japan, the contradictions between Nanjing and Beiping, and the contradictions within the 29th Army were complex and acute.
There have been a number of literary and artistic works that use artistic techniques to sculpt the statues of the senior generals of the 29th Army, such as the long ** "Lugou Bridge Anti-Japanese War", the movie "77 Incident" and so on. To be honest, I disagree with the portrayal of high-ranking generals in these works. Just because I can't agree with this, it aroused my unhappiness.
In this big drama, in the midst of various contradictions, what role did the main generals at the center of the incident play?
1) Song Zheyuan, the commander of the 29th Army, who is the highest military and political commander in North China, is a local powerful faction in a semi-divided state, and he can also be called a new warlord to put it mildly. not only did not allow the Japanese to invade, but also borrowed the power of the Japanese to ask Jiang Ji for a price; Not only does he not want to be involved in the army, but he also has to rely on the first to contend with the Japanese, this is the law of his survival, and it is the guiding ideology and action guide for him to maneuver between Nanjing and Tokyo. Therefore, for most of the time of the incident, it became its established routine and inevitable choice to hold on to the illusion of peace, compromise and make peace with the Japanese, and turn major matters into small and small things into small ones. Such an operation is infuriating. But from beginning to end, Song kept the bottom line and did not sell territorial sovereignty, which should be affirmed.
In the early days of the incident, he repeatedly misjudged the enemy's aggression, insisted on refusing to go north, and listened to the rhetoric of the traitors, swaying left and right between peace and war, stopping and stopping, delaying many fighters, laying the root cause for the final loss of Pingjin and causing dissatisfaction among the people of the whole country. Fortunately, after 20 days of vacillation, at the last (July 27) juncture, he finally woke up and unequivocally announced the telegram of the War of Resistance against Territorial Defense, which resonated with the whole people, which was exciting.
In various related literary and artistic works, except for the differences in the details, there is no major misrepresentation in the portrayal of Song Zheyuan. Lucky.
2) Tong Linge, deputy commander of the 29th Army, and Zhao Dengyu, commander of the 132nd Division, not only greatly aroused the hostility of the whole people with their heroic sacrifices, but also the history of the two is also full of glory. Tong Linge was the commander of the First Army of the Chahar Anti-Japanese Allied Army, and Zhao Dengyu was the first to kill the enemy with a big knife at Xifengkou, and he made indelible contributions to the war. For the heroic martyrdom of the two people, it is necessary to express them in a strong and colorful way on the artistic stage, to fabricate some plots to achieve the effect of pathos, and to add some chapters to eulogize the loyalty of the martyrs. But at the same time, it should also be noted that the 77th Anti-Japanese War was not the highlight moment of the two, the behavior of the 29th Army, the two were not the main decision-makers, and the two were not the key figures in various complicated contradictions and entanglements such as war. In literary and artistic works, historical truth should also be respected, and the expression should not be too exalted.
What I want to say but don't want to say is that the status and role of Tong and Zhao in the July 7 Incident are exaggerated and inaccurate in some literary and artistic works. From the perspective of expressing admiration for heroes, it is understandable, but from the perspective of history, it should be distinguished.
3) In the war around peace, because of the provocation and hoodwinking of the Japanese and traitors, and also accompanied by the expansion of selfish desires, Zhang Zizhong, commander of the 38th Division, played a disappointing role as a "peacemaker". The reason why the 29th Army was uncertain and why Song Zheyuan swayed left and right was that Zhang Zizhong's restraint played a very bad role. It was not only on July 28 that it was disappointing, the name of the pro-Japanese "Four King Kongs" was already known to insiders at the beginning of the incident. During the whole period of the incident, Zhang had nothing to affirm from beginning to end.
But Zhang Zizhong was ashamed and brave, the prodigal son turned back, repented, and after receiving Jiang Song's forgiveness, he swore to be ashamed, killed the enemy bravely, and finally spilled blood on the battlefield, sacrificed his life for the country, and became a hero for thousands of years.
The coffin is closed, in line with the starting point of being a sage, in literary and artistic works or propaganda articles for the public, its performance before and after the seventh seven is appropriately avoided, and it is better not to say that it is better to bypass it, or to dilute it, and to pass it aside, but it cannot be like many fans to find various reasons to wash the ground, let alone reverse black and white in disregard of historical facts like some works. The results of the various controversies about Zhang Zizhong's incident in the past few decades show that the more it is washed, the more unfavorable it will be.
4) In the drama of the Lugou Bridge Incident, Feng Zhi'an, the commander of the 37th Division, who had generously and tragically said to the defenders, "Lugou Bridge is the grave of you", deserves to be the protagonist of Zheng No. 1. This is because; 1 Feng had the most resolute attitude towards anti-Japanese resistance, and was the "hard-line main battle faction" in the mouth of the high-ranking secret agents in the Jicha regime in Nanjing, and was the only "stubborn anti-Japanese faction" in the eyes of the Japanese; 2 Feng was Song Zheyuan's consistent ** person when he left the army, and Song was not in the army for most of the incident; 3 Lugou Bridge was the garrison of Feng's 37th Division; 4 Feng was the commander-in-chief of the 29th Army's operations against Japan, which was clearly stated in the combat order secretly issued on July 16 during the incident (the author has written a special article on these four points, which will not be expanded here).
The secret telegram between Nanjing and the 29th Army after the start of the change and the telegram of the CCP on July 8 can also be seen in Feng's role in this major incident.
However, in the literary and artistic works about the 77 Incident that have been released and published for decades, Feng Zhi'an has been ignored and has become a dispensable secondary figure, which is obviously unfair and contrary to historical truth.
If you want to write about the Jiangqiao Anti-Japanese War, you can't get around Ma Zhanshan; If you want to write about the 128 Anti-Japanese War, you can't avoid Cai Tingkai. In the same way, since you want to write about the Lugou Bridge Anti-Japanese War, how can you bypass Feng Zhi'an!
5) There is a notorious "Qin-Tu Agreement" in history, in which the soil is the Japanese war criminal Tu Feiyuan; Qin is Qin Dechun, who was the deputy commander of the 29th Army and the chairman of Chahar Province at the time.
The Qin-Tu Agreement was written on the pillar of shame in history. Regardless of whether this is something he can call the shots, and no matter what kind of humiliation he has, but after all, the agreement was signed by him and the Japanese, so no matter what he says, he Qin Dechun cannot escape the blame.
But one yard is one yard, in the whole process of the Lugou Bridge Incident, Qin Dechun played a positive role second only to Feng Zhi'an. After Song Zheyuan was oppressed by the Japanese and traitors and left Beiping to avoid the limelight, the negotiations with Japan of the entire 29th Army were fully responsible for Qin Dechun, who was entrusted by Song Zheyuan. In the negotiations, Qin always stood at the height of the overall situation, adhered to a tough position, fought on the basis of reason, and did not compromise at all. After the incident, he adhered to the will of Nanjing, folded the bottle, actively responded, and showed enough wisdom and due responsibility.
During the incident, Nanjing and the 29th Army frequently exchanged secret telegrams, mainly to communicate with Feng and Qin. Qin and Feng were two of the most crucial figures in this event.
But somehow, it is also regrettable that as an important figure who was almost on a par with Feng Zhi'an in the incident, Qin Dechun was also seriously ignored by various related literary and artistic works, which is extremely unfair.
6) In addition to the above-mentioned high-ranking generals, the cadres of the 29th Army at and above the division level, Zhang Weifan, chief of staff, Zhang Yueting, chief of staff, Liu Ruming, commander of the 143rd Division, Zheng Dazhang, commander of the 9th Cavalry Division, and Shi Yousan, commander of the Northern Hebei Security Command, either have no military power in their hands, or perform poorly, or have little influence, or are not on the battlefield at the time of the incident, are not important roles.
In the relevant literary and artistic works, the status and role of Zhang Kexia, deputy chief of staff, and He Jifeng, commander of the 110th Brigade, in the Lugou Bridge Incident are relatively high, and Zhang is even portrayed as one of the **people when Song was not in the army, which is a bit too much. Zhang and He successively became secret members of our party and led the army to revolt in the Huaihai Campaign, creating conditions for the victory in the first stage of the campaign and making new contributions to the liberation of the people. The two also played an active role in the July Seven Incident. But Lu Gouqiao is not Jia Wang, at this time, they have not yet been able to walk to the stage, and they are not the main characters.