45 years of magnificent waves, 45 years of brilliant achievements.
On September 27, 2023, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) held the eighth collective study Xi on the rules of the world organization and the reform of the world organization. ** The general secretary pointed out: "Promoting reform and development through opening up is an important magic weapon for our country to continuously make new achievements in modernization. ”
Reform and opening up is a key move in determining the fate of contemporary China. The great practice of reform and opening up that began in 1978 has aroused the great strength of the Chinese people and created one miracle after another. Especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform and opening up in the new era has been led by Comrade *** as the core, and extraordinary achievements have been made in leading the reform and opening up in the new era, unswervingly deepening reform and opening up, unswervingly promoting high-quality development, and creating more opportunities for the world with its own development.
"This year marks the 45th anniversary of China's reform and opening up, and we will adhere to high-quality development, promote high-level opening-up, and provide new opportunities for the modernization of all countries in the world through Chinese-style modernization," the President said in his speech at the 30th APEC Economic Leaders' Informal Meeting. ”
Tourists enjoy the view of Pudong Lujiazui on the Bund in Shanghai. Xinhua News Agency.
Remarkable development achievements.
Not long ago, two satellites in the Yangtze River Delta region at night sparked heated discussions - in 2018, the western region of the Yangtze River Delta was only lit up in Hefei by Chaohu Lake;Five years later, the lights of the eastern city of Anhui have been connected to the urban area of Nanjing, forming a clear light belt. The lighting originated from the rapid implementation of one heavyweight industrial project after another, among which the Philips air conditioning R&D and manufacturing base with an investment of 10 billion yuan took only 10 months from negotiation to completion of investment.
Anhui, Xiaogang Village, Fengyang County, once opened the curtain of reform and opening up with "18 red handprints", and now thanks to the guidance of the national strategy of integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, it has once again become a trendsetter in the wave of reform and opening up in the new era, and the construction of Anhui's high-quality development power system has been accelerated.
From the rural reform of Fengyang in Anhui Province, to the model of southern Jiangsu and Wenzhou in Zhejiang, and then to the development and opening up of Pudong, the Yangtze River Delta itself is a vivid practice of reform and a profound interpretation of the spirit of innovation. Promoting the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta is a major national strategy personally planned, deployed and promoted by the general secretary. Over the past five years, the Yangtze River Delta has been consolidating and improving its function as a strong and active growth pole, and major breakthroughs have been made in regional coordinated development. Today, the Yangtze River Delta region has created a total economic output of 1 4 percent of the country's land area with 4% of the country's land area, and a number of emerging industries such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, biomedicine, new materials, and high-end equipment manufacturing have taken root. The Yangtze River Delta region has become one of the regions with the most active economic development, the highest degree of openness and the strongest innovation ability in China.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Comrade China has comprehensively deepened reform with great political courage, launched a tough battle for reform, and strengthened the top-level design of reform. Dare to break into the deep water area, dare to gnaw hard bones, dare to wade into dangerous shoals, and resolutely eliminate the shortcomings of all systems and mechanisms. After a decade of comprehensively deepening reform and opening up in the new era, the basic institutional framework in various fields has been basically established, and many fields have achieved historic changes, systematic reshaping and overall reconstruction, and the socialist system with Chinese characteristics has become more mature and formalized. Major regional strategies, such as the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, and the construction of the Chengdu-Chongqing Economic Circle, have provided a spatial organizational foundation for the construction of a new development pattern and created favorable conditions for development.
The changes and impacts brought about by China's reform and opening up have been enormous, not only because the living standards of the people are much better than before, but also because of the changes in various parts of China. Goodman, a long-time scholar of Chinese society and director of the Center for Chinese Studies at the University of Sydney, Australia, has lived in China for many years and has witnessed the remarkable achievements of China's reform and opening up.
Since 2013, China's economy has achieved an average annual rate of 6With a medium-to-high growth rate of 2%, the economic growth rate ranks among the top of the world's major economies, and the contribution rate to world economic growth exceeds 30%. China's GDP has jumped from more than 60 trillion yuan in 2014 to 121 trillion yuan in 2022, ranking second in the world. The people's living standards have improved markedly, and the problem of absolute poverty, which has plagued the Chinese nation for thousands of years, has been historically resolved. The middle-income group has more than 400 million people, forming a super-large market;Self-reliance and self-improvement in science and technology have been accelerated, scientific and technological strength is moving from quantitative accumulation to qualitative leap, and breakthroughs have been made in some key core technologies.
The world's first 16 MW offshore wind turbine was successfully hoisted in Fujian. Xinhua News Agency.
Reform promotes the high-quality development of the industry.
The 500 thousand volt power transmission and transformation project, which has the highest altitude, the farthest distance and the most challenging in the world, has been running safely for three years, becoming another bright line, guarantee line and happiness line for the benefit of people of all ethnic groupsThe rise of a million-kilowatt wind power base in Xing'an League, Inner Mongolia, constitutes a magnificent grassland wonder, and uses the wind of the grassland to help rural revitalizationThe world's first nuclear power plant, Huaneng Shidaowan high-temperature gas-cooled reactor nuclear power plant demonstration project, has been officially put into commercial operation, marking that China has reached the world's leading level in the research and development and application of nuclear power technology.
Before the reform and opening up, children in the mountains studied under kerosene lamps, and "power rationing" was also commonplace in many places, from 57.12 million kilowatts of installed power generation capacity 45 years ago to 28 by the end of 2022100 million kilowatts, an increase of 222 times, ranking first in the world;From less than 006 kW to 18 kilowatts, and the per capita installed power capacity has increased by 30 times.
Today, China has built the world's largest clean coal power system, becoming the world's largest hydropower installed country, the world's largest wind power installed country, the world's first photovoltaic power generation installed country, the world's first nuclear power installed country, the world's first nuclear power installed country, China has comprehensively solved the problem of electricity consumption of the population without electricity, and the average power supply reliability rate of users in the country is 99896%, ranking among the best in the world, of which UHV transmission technology is far ahead in the world.
Supporting the power industry to achieve a leap forward is the escort of the reform of the power system and mechanism. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the reform of the power system has started a new journey and entered a new stage. In March 2015, a new round of power system reform was opened, accelerating the promotion of China's electricity trading marketization, the rapid progress of various reform pilot work, and the construction of the market system was steady. With the proposal of China's carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals, the pace of clean and low-carbon transformation of the power system has been further accelerated. Nowadays, China's power supply structure has been significantly improved. According to the data, as of the end of October, China's installed renewable energy power generation capacity reached 140.4 billion kilowatts, accounting for about 49 of the country's power generators9%。A new, cleaner, low-carbon, and greener power system is being built at an accelerated pace.
The development of the electric power industry is a typical representative of China's industrial growth since the reform and opening up. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's total industrial added value has continued to rise, becoming an important engine driving the growth of the global manufacturing industry, the output of major industrial products has grown rapidly, the number of industrial enterprises above designated size has exceeded 400,000, and the overall strength of industry has reached a new level. In 2012, China's total industrial added value exceeded 20 trillion yuan for the first time, reaching 37 in 20213 trillion yuan, accounting for 32 percent of GDP6%。According to the data of the World Bank, in 2010, the added value of China's manufacturing industry surpassed that of the United States for the first time, and then ranked first in the world for many years.
Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the company has attached great importance to scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading, achieved remarkable results in the optimization and upgrading of the industrial structure, improved the profit structure of enterprises, increased high-end manufacturing significantly, increased the rapid growth of emerging products, significantly improved the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain, and further improved the quality of China's industrial economic growth. ** A series of macroeconomic policies have been formulated and implemented to ensure the common development of economies under various forms of ownership. The reform of state-owned enterprises has achieved remarkable results, and promoted state-owned enterprises to become stronger, better and biggerThe business environment continues to improve, and the private economy is revitalizedForeign investment and foreign trade maintained growth;Policies to support small and micro enterprises and self-employed households have been effective, and small and medium-sized enterprises have grown rapidly. **Attaches great importance to overall development and security, and responds to changes in the external environment and potential risks through continuous adjustment and improvement of the industrial chain. China has become the only country in the world with a whole industrial chain in the manufacturing industry, and the independent and controllable ability of the industrial chain has been continuously improved, providing reliable support for creating a new development pattern with the domestic cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other.
Expand a new realm of openness and win-win.
From Jakarta to Bandung, with a speed of 350 kilometers per hour, the high-speed rail shortens the journey from 3 hours to 40 minutesFrom Zheng He's voyage to the West to the joint construction of the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, China is our old friend......A rap song called "Song of Yavan" went viral on the Internet in Indonesia. Since the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway was officially put into operation in October this year, it has been welcomed by the local people, and the passenger flow has shown a strong growth trend.
The Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway is the first high-speed railway in Indonesia and Southeast Asia. As a landmark project of the Belt and Road Initiative and the pragmatic cooperation between China and Indonesia, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway has a total length of 142 kilometers and a maximum operating speed of 350 kilometers per hour.
The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "promote the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive opening up". The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "promote high-level opening up". China's approach to opening up is more innovative and far-reaching. Along with the historical process of reform and opening up, China has launched a series of major strategic measures, which have not only brought huge dividends to itself, but also injected new momentum into the world economy and promoted world prosperity and development.
China has built an all-round, multi-level and wide-ranging pattern of opening up to the outside world, maintained its position as the world's largest cargo country for many years, and has become a major partner of more than 140 countries and regions.
Over the past decade, China has put forward a series of major initiatives and propositions, providing the world with one important public good after another. China has signed cooperation documents with more than 150 countries and more than 30 international organizations on the Belt and Road Initiative, attracting nearly US$1 trillion in investment, creating 420,000 jobs for the countries and lifting nearly 40 million people out of poverty.
China continues to promote high-level opening-up. A series of international exhibitions, such as the CIIE, the Consumer Expo, and the Chain Expo, have further strengthened the ties with foreign enterprises, enterprises and institutions, and promoted cooperation to be deeper and more practical. In 2023, China took the initiative to benchmark against international high-standard economic and trade rules, issued 24 policies and measures to stabilize foreign investment, and piloted the docking of relevant international high-standard economic and trade rules in five pilot free trade zones and the Hainan Free ** Port. The pace of opening up expands to a wider field. Deepening the construction of a comprehensive demonstration zone for the expansion and opening up of the national service industry, the establishment of the first wholly foreign-owned ** company was approved, and the national version of the negative list for foreign investment access was also reduced to 31 items. A series of pragmatic opening-up measures and a continuously optimized business environment have attracted global enterprises to invest in China.
China's pace of opening up continues to expand deeper. In 2023, a new plan for the Shanghai Free Pilot Zone to connect with international economic and trade rules with high standards will be announced, and Xinjiang will become China's 22nd Free Pilot Zone. In the Hainan Free Port, policy dividends continued to be released, and more than 180 free trade port policy documents came into effect. As the countdown to the start of island-wide customs closure operations by the end of 2025 is approaching, the main works of 31 customs closure hardware projects are also about to be completed ......From the coastal, inland to border areas, an all-round and multi-level pattern of opening up has been accelerated.
With high-level opening-up, China has created new drivers and new advantages for high-quality development, and has continuously opened up new realms of win-win cooperation in the in-depth interaction with the world.