China and Russia have agreed that Vladivostok will be returned to China in 1995?Why has it not been fulfilled so far?
A century ago, Vladivostok was a Chinese settlement filled with characters of all kinds. Port workers, railroad workers, merchants, shopkeepers, casino owners, as well as watermen, actors, and farmers, all of whom served as pillars of the city's prosperity.
Vladivostok also has a Chinese police station, which specializes in protecting Chinese merchants from bandits and strictly prohibiting the sale and consumption of opium. There are also Chinese schools and Chinese cemeteries in the city, some streets are named after Beijing, and some roads are called China Road. Chinese opera and cultural programs are also performed in Chinese, which are traces left by the Chinese in the city.
With the changes of history, Vladivostok has become a part of Russia, and the figure of the Chinese has gradually faded, leaving only historical memories. The question of the ownership of Vladivostok has been controversial for a hundred years. In 1945, China and Russia reached an agreement announcing that Vladivostok would be returned to China in 1995, but this agreement has not yet been fulfilled. What is the reason why this agreement has not been realized?
On cold winter nights, the streets of Vladivostok are shrouded in fog, as if to hide the city's former glory and grandeur.
In the mid-17th century, the Russian dynasty began to expand eastward, and Vladivostok became their target. China's Qing Dynasty faced a threat from outside powers, and they paid a huge price to defend their territory.
Although China has defeated the Russian army many times, over time, Russia has gradually strengthened, and China has gradually weakened. Eventually, under the influence of a series of unequal treaties, Vladivostok was ceded to Russia, became their territory, and was renamed "Vladivostok".
Even after Vladivostok was ceded to **, many Chinese still lived here.
At the same time that the Soviet ** had ambitions for Vladivostok and tried to make it a military fortress, they began to intolerate the presence of the Chinese, and even held internal meetings to discuss how to abolish the concentration of Chinese. At this critical juncture, a dramatic turn of events occurred.
In August 1945, China and the Soviet Union signed the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, which stipulated in detail the ownership of Vladivostok. Under the treaty, the Soviet Union recognized China's sovereignty over Vladivostok and promised to return it to China in 1995.
Even more surprisingly, the Soviet Union also agreed to open Vladivostok as a free port and introduce a tax-free policy for the Soviet Union. This series of decisions brought an unprecedented turn for the future of Vladivostok and made the city an important node in Sino-Soviet relations.
This treaty gave hope to countless people, who were convinced that Vladivostok could return to the bosom of their homeland. With the advent of 1950, the treaty was scrapped, and the question of Vladivostok's ownership once again became an unsolvable mystery.
And the inequality of this Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance is obvious. Under the historical conditions at that time, China could not fundamentally get rid of its status as a weak state, and many elements of the treaty showed the dilemma that China faced in the negotiations. Chiang Kai-shek made concessions in the treaty in order to get the Soviet Union to support the Chinese Kuomintang, and these concessions harmed the fundamental interests of the country and the people.
At a time when the country is facing difficulties, leaders make difficult choices about the future and fate of the country, which may have been necessary at the time, but also had inevitable consequences. This imperfect treaty has become a pain in China's history, and it has also made people cherish the country's independence and autonomy even more.
In this history, there have been some unexpected twists. **The Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance, signed with the Soviet Union, amended some provisions of the original treaty, including the renegotiation of the ownership of Vladivostok. These changes won a number of benefits for China, such as the Soviet Union's commitment to transfer the rights and property of the Changchun Railway to China without compensation, and the retreat from the Lushunkou naval base.
Despite these changes, the question of Vladivostok's ownership has not been fundamentally resolved. After 1950, Vladivostok remained under Soviet rule, and the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance, which had aroused hope, faded into the long course of history.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, with the decline of the Qing Dynasty, Vladivostok was ceded to the first place. This cession marked the loss of this important territory for China, which was considered a strategic location and an important military base for the Soviet Union.
Despite the changes of the years, China has not given up the struggle for the ownership of Vladivostok. Due to the constraints of historical treaties and the complexity of the international situation, it is almost impossible for China to regain sovereignty over Vladivostok.
It was not until 2001 that China and Russia signed the Sino-Russian Treaty of Good-Neighborliness, Friendship and Cooperation, which confirmed the status quo of Vladivostok as belonging to Russia. This incident marked China's official recognition of the fact that Vladivostok belonged to Russia and laid the foundation for friendly relations between the two countries.
This decision is not a unilateral concession by China, but is based on the common interests and desire of both sides. Both China and Russia hope to carry out close cooperation in the economic, trade, military, and scientific and technological fields to jointly cope with international challenges.
Although Vladivostok has become Russian territory, China and Russia have also expressed respect and support for each other's territorial integrity in the treaty. This treaty not only confirmed the ownership of Vladivostok, but also laid the foundation for peace and stability on the border between the two countries.
In the current international situation, China and Russia are more willing to protect their own interests through cooperation rather than through disputes and conflicts. Therefore, the question of the ownership of Vladivostok has become a thing of the past, and the friendly cooperation between China and Russia will continue to develop in depth.
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