Ancient poets wrote poems in social interactions, often interactively. The poems written in the interaction are called singing and poems. The first poem is called "singing", and the poem is composed in response to "singing", which is called "和 (hè)", and the poem with the words "and" and "reward", "answer" and "same" in the title is usually "and poem". There are many poems in Du's poems, such as "Fengtong Guo Gives Things to Tang Dongling", "Fenghe Jia Zhishe People Early Dynasty Daming Palace", "Feng Answer Cen Shen Supplement Que See Gift", "He Pei Di Deng, Shuzhou Dongting Sends Guests to Morning Plum Memories and Visits", "Feng Yan Gong Sends the Title of Ye Ting", "Reward Guo Fifteen Judges" and so on.
The word "same" in the title of Du Shi's first appearance needs to be expanded here. Is the word "same" in Du Fu's "Tong Zhu Gong Deng Ci'en Temple Tower" also the meaning of "and (hè)"?I consulted the relevant books at hand, and the commentators only had to explain the word "same", and without exception regarded it as a synonym for "and (hè)". I privately think that in the title of "Tong Zhugong Dengci'en Temple Tower", "Tong" is a conjunction, which is equivalent to "and" and "and (hé)" The reasons are: (1) From the background of the poem's writing, at that time, Du Fu and his friends Gao Shi, Cen Shen, Xue Ju, and Chu Guangxi climbed the tower of Ci'en Temple together. (2) The "Zhugong" in Du Fu's "Tong Zhu Gong Deng Ci'en Temple Tower" should include four people: Gao, Cen, Xue, and Chu. The original note under the title of this poem is "Shi Gaoshi and Xue Zhi first wrote this work", if Du Fu's work is a poem, then it can only be one of the two "and" Gao and Xue, it is impossible" and "Zhugong". (3) Gao Shi's poem, titled "Tongzhu Gongdeng Ci'en Temple Floating Map", also has the word "same" in it. The word "same" obviously cannot be interpreted as "and" (hè)", because Gao Shicheng's poems come first, and there are only others who "and" him, and he has no one to "and". Gao Shi's "same" character is the same as the usage of the word "same" in Du Fu's "Tong Zhugong Deng Ci'en Temple Tower", both of which mean "and" and "and(hé)". This example shows that we must make a specific analysis of the word "same" in the title of Tang poetry, and we cannot think that it is synonymous with the "harmony" of singing harmony as soon as we see this character.
According to the convention, if the singers do not compose poems together, then the singers will send the "harmony poems" to the author of the "singing" poems, or let someone else carry them. But there are exceptions. For example, in the poem "Tongyuan Envoy Jun Lingling", Du Fu said in the small preface: "Those who know me concisely do not need to send yuan." What is even more peculiar is the poem "Posthumously Rewarding the People of Gaoshu Prefecture and Seeing Sent It Every Day". When the poet was sorting out the old manuscripts, he couldn't help but "shed tears" when he saw his old friend Gao Shi giving poems ten years ago. This poem was written because of Gao Shi's gift ten years ago, and Gao Shi is no longer alive, so it is called "chasing reward". This poem was actually sent to Li Yu, the king of Hanzhong, and Jing Chaoxian, the assassin of Zhaozhou, respectively, and there were only two of them who were Du Fu's "forgetful old people" at that time.
Hong Mai said: "The ancients paid and poems, and they must answer their intentions, not if today's people are caught up in the secondary rhyme." Looking at the "Anthology" compiled by He Shao, Zhang Hua, Lu Chen, Liu Kun, Er Lu, and San Xie for their gifts, it can be known. There are many Tang people, and they cannot be carried. (Rong Zhai Essays, Volume 16, "and Poetry and Harmony") The so-called "secondary rhyme", also called step rhyme, refers to the use of its original rhyme and original words, and the order is the same. For example, Su Shi's "Nostalgia for Hezi by Michi" belongs to the secondary rhyme. Su Zhe's original poems and Su Shi's poems are as follows:
Brother Zhan of Huai Mi Chi
Su Zhe. Say goodbye to Zheng Yuanshang, and be afraid of slush for long distances.
Returning to the horse to find Liang Mo, the pedestrian has passed the ancient Kunxi.
Did you know if you were a county official?The wall of the old monk's house is inscribed.
I want to travel alone, and there is little taste, and the horse is silent but neighing.
Kazuko is nostalgic by Michi
Su Shi knows what life is like everywhere, it should be like Feihong stepping on slush.
Occasionally, there are fingers and claws on the mud, and Hongfei counts things.
The old monk has died into a new tower, and the bad wall has no reason to see the old problem.
Do you remember the rugged past?The road is long, the donkey is sleepy, and the donkey is neighing.
In order to explain the meaning of the ancients and the poems, Hong Mai excerpted a lot of Du Fu's poems. Here is another example of Du Fu's two complete and poems, to see how he replied to the original poem.
Gift Du two relics
Gao shi. Preach and attract customers, and poems and books are discussed.
Buddha incense when he was admitted to the hospital, and the monk's meal passed through the door repeatedly.
It should be difficult to listen to the Fa, and I want to turn over the scriptures.
The grass is now over, what can I say after that?
The high remuneration makes the king give it away
Du fu. The monks of the ancient temple are firmly settled, and the empty tenants live.
The deceased offered rice, neighbors and garden vegetables.
Two trees listen to the law, and three cars are willing to carry books.
How dare Cao Xuanwu, Fu or similar.
Qiu Zhaoao said: "This poem is answered one by one, corresponding to the sentences of Gao's poems. Empty guest house, see no poetry and books to discuss. Neighbors and friends supply, see non-capitalized monk meals. However, if you listen to the law, you can't make it difficult. If you don't want to carry the book, where can you turn the scriptures?did not thank the grass "Xuan" and lived as a fu, and the lyricist did not dare to write the scriptures. ”
Du Yuan's brother sent the poem because of this
Guo Shou. The new poems are circulating all over the country, and the old German dynasty belongs to Wanglao.
The county is humble and foggy, and the rivers and lakes are full of wind and waves.
The pine mash wine is ripe and drunk on the side, and the lotus leaf boat teaches itself lightly.
Chunxing doesn't know how many songs, and the price of Hengyang paper can be high.
Judge of the fifteenth court
Du fu. He is only a young man and is still famous, and he is sick and reborn.
The medicine wraps care about the poems and the total waste, and the flowers and branches are still in the eyes.
Only with the swallow stone can fall into the stars, and the night is bright with the pearl.
Qiaokou Orange Island is stormy, and it is a pity to tie the sail for a while.
Although Du Fu's poem is also the original poem, it is different from the "joint answer" of "Giving Gifts to the Gentleman", and it is more flexible in the order of reply. Qiu Zhaoao said: "The poems are all based on the consensus of the poems, and there is no general language. In this way, the first sentence of the chapter rewards the old virtues, the second sentence rewards the rivers and lakes, the three or four rewards for the new poems and the spring of the spring, the five or six rewards for the Hengyang paper price, the seven or eight rewards for the broad wind and waves and the lotus leaf boat, sentence by sentence, but can be paid in one go, so it is better. ”
Hong Mai believes that poetry should be harmonious, and this view is worthy of affirmation. Poetry must rely on rhyme, rhyme or even secondary rhyme, which is actually a manifestation of formalism. Whether a poem is well written or not depends on the content, and paying too much attention to the form will not only fail to add color to the poem, but is also likely to be counterproductive.
It's the age of the internet, and the variety of social tools is dazzling, and the variety of entertainment is dizzying. However, in terms of spiritual life, it is likely that we have not lived as fully and happily as the ancient poets. In the poem "Pei Daozhou's Codex in the Twilight of Autumn, Sending Prosperity and Sending It to Su Lian's Servant", Du Fu expressed the joy of reading Pei Daozhou's letter vividly: "The Daozhou Codex is suitable for restoration, and the paper length should be read from three times. Ying put the pearl of the sea and leaned on the Kunshan jade in his arms. Abandon Tanzhou Baihu wine, Wuwu Xiao'an thousand chrysanthemums. He makes me annoyed by day, and I sit at night. When a friend was leaving, he wrote a poem and gave it to him, and the strong affection in the poem was a great spiritual comfort to his friend. The move is both elegant and warm. After the breakup, the recipient can also often take out the friend's gift poem and chant it, which has some fun.