In ancient times, why did ** rather commit suicide than few people dared to kill Qincha?
Recently, I often see such a question on the Internet: ** know that the imperial history is going to check them, why don't you decide to kill the imperial history;**You know that you will be exposed soon, why don't you decide to kill Yu Shi?
In fact, in the classical cultivation of immortals**, things like killing the ministers of the Qin Dynasty are more common, but they rarely happen in history.
Because there is a very obvious logical problem here: we all know that Zhongshu Ling originally came to check only to confirm whether there was a problem, and if Zhongshu Ling died unclear, then. Is there still a need for an examination?There is no need to check, we also know that there must be a problem!
Therefore, killing the minister is tantamount to"There was no silver in the ground"。You think the court will agree"One neighbor, two neighbors don't steal"Statement?
The second problem has to do with the unspoken rules of power.
Many people think that the ** filthy officials are completely lawless, and they can kill people casually in broad daylight. Actually, this is a misconception.
In any system, even if it is intangible and not subject to national laws, its members must abide by certain unspoken rules in order for the system to survive for a long time.
In other words, corrupt people may not respect the laws of the country, but they must respect official authority and certain unspoken rules of official authority.
Don't be misled by the dramatic **, thinking that the Chinese and the people under investigation must be incompatible.
The fact is that in feudal society, not only is the number of ** in the country limited, but since the Tang Dynasty, due to the constraints of the imperial examination system, ** has woven a complex network of relationships.
In the same year, those who participated in the imperial examination **, ie"People of the same year"It is the same brother and sister relationship, the same examiner is recognized, and the student has the same"Division"。
These complex relationships allow people in positions of office to rise quickly by mentioning a name or two, even if they don't know each other.
Therefore, when the ancient Chinese went to investigate a case, if it was a public commission, usually the investigator and the ** party being investigated had evil intentions from the beginning.
For example, in the Qing Dynasty, shortly after the Chinese arrived in a place, there was often informal private contact between the respondent and the Chinese.
This contact usually takes place through a dinner between long-time followers of Chinese and long-term followers of the person surveyed.
In ancient times, ** was usually called around it"Long follow"of long-term fixed servants.
The two entourages will first use business exchanges or similar activities as an excuse to agree on a time and place, and then convey the wishes of the host to each other during the meal and drink.
In general, long-term followers of the respondent will stop at nothing to demand what their owners want.
In contrast, the minister's long-term servant will not show this easily, but will do everything to extract what his master wants from the other person's mouth. Therefore, this ** is actually not a good thing, which requires a good enough mind and a good enough mentality. If the minister thinks that the ** under investigation can be forgiven, he usually tells the ** the price he is prepared to pay.
In fact, the respondent did not have much room for negotiation. After all, if Minister Qin can take care of it, it will not be groundless.
Therefore, the respondent is not afraid that the Chinese side will offer a large price, but that the other party will not make a price and will not say a word.
As long as the minister makes an offer, no matter how high the number is, he can be satisfied, but in fact, you can't take all the family property: how much money have I earned over the years, can you at least leave me some living expenses?
In the past, the civil service system was actually very similar to an enterprise, where civil servants traveled thousands of kilometers to make money, and they were not willing to grudge with their colleagues for no reason.
Such times test the ability to follow the Chinese for a long time.
When engaging with the interviewee's long-term followers, experienced good long-term followers can easily estimate the interlocutor over the years by side-tapping and time shifting"Earn"How much money.
Based on their own estimates, they will suggest to their masters how much money to ask the respondent for money, and they will rob them fiercely without making the other party angry.
In addition, Chinese who share the money usually do not keep it for themselves, but share it for their long-term followers.
Of course, the most important indicator of such a transaction is the degree of crime committed by the participants.
If the crime of the party under investigation is really serious and can be knocked out of the head, the attorney general will naturally make higher demands. If the crime is so heinous that it will cause trouble to his colleagues in the officialdom, you can also persuade him to commit suicide as soon as possible, so as to at least ensure that his colleagues and family members will not be wiped out. If the person concerned just behaves inappropriately, does not work seriously, and has other minor problems, the minister's request will naturally be curtailed.
Moreover, ministers usually follow specific guidelines when investigating cases and do nothing"work"。
More obviously, if Chinese are asked to investigate a case, they usually don't take it very seriously, and even try to help the person under investigation cover up the case after receiving money.
For example, during the Daoguang period, there was a lawless son of a robber in Jiexiu County, Shanxi, who not only harassed the toiling masses and insulted women, but also cut off women's lower legs for human beings.
This incident caused an uproar in the local area, and the impact was very bad, even the Daoguang Emperor in Beijing heard about it. Emperor Daoguang sent Tang Jinzhao and Shangshu Long Yunzhang as ministers of the imperial court to Jiexiu County to investigate the matter.
After arriving in Jiexiu, Tang Jinzhao and Long Yunzhang asked Jiexiu Zhixian for tens of thousands of taels** as office expenses, travel expenses and other similar expenses. In the subsequent investigation of the case, they used to:"Reputation"The concept is a barrier to force the victim to admit that she was only stolen and that no woman in the family was humiliated.
Emperor Daoguang's final reply was that it was a case of extortion and extortion due to burglary.
In fact, in the past, when encountering such a case, if the victim was an ordinary person, few relevant departments would seriously investigate and find out the truth.
After all, at that time, there was still a difference between officials and officials, and between officials and people. Insulting colleagues for the sake of ordinary people is something that most ** are unwilling to do.
Therefore, in a feudal society, if there is no background of corrupt officials bullying the people, there is basically no way to redress grievances. Even if it is sued to the emperor, the best outcome is often the best"After fifty lashes"；The authorities have gone a little too far, but they tend to label the intimidated people"Disobedience and unfilial piety"tags. The authorities have gone a bit too far, but the people they bully are also often labeled"Disobedient people"tags.
The cases that may lead to the Minister's decision to investigate are often cases in which the circumstances are particularly difficult and the victim is not an ordinary person.
For example, when a local government receives a large amount of relief money after a drought or flood, resulting in famine or unrest, the Qin prime minister is usually more cautious.
After all,"business"If he doesn't do it well, he may lose his head!
Moreover, although according to the official grapevine, it is understandable to take more and think of ways under normal circumstances, but in the event of a large-scale natural disaster, the peak of human resentment should come closer.
This case occurred during the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty and is one of the few real cases in history in which Qing Dynasty ministers were killed.
In the autumn of the thirteenth year of Jiaqing, the Yellow River burst, the water flow was turbulent, and the flood rushed straight to the Huai'an area of Jiangsu, and the people were not able to make a living, and disasters and famines broke out everywhere.
At that time, the imperial court donated some silver taels to Jiangsu Province for disaster relief.
According to the usual practice, Tie Bao, the governor of Liangjiang, with ten **, submitted an application to the Jiaqing Emperor to request the local ** to supervise the use of disaster relief silver, and asked the emperor to approve it in the name of the Minister of Internal Affairs, and the Jiaqing Emperor soon approved the application of Tiebao.
It's just that I don't know if Tiebao is careless. With the support of ten ministers of the Qin Dynasty, one of whom was named Li Yuchang, who was only 27 years old and still a recent graduate, it was impossible for him to rub the sand with tears in his eyes.
After these 10 ministers went down to the localities, the other 9 ministers behaved comparably"Mature", in the place of acceptance **"Filial piety"After that, try to keep one eye open and one eye closed during the examination.
Li Yuchang didn't charge a penny from the beginning, and made it clear that he would do it by **.
On the contrary, under the majesty of Premier Qin, Li Yuchang personally went to the scene to inspect the situation in the villages and towns, and carefully recorded the number of people affected by the disaster and the amount of aid received.
Objectively speaking, as long as it is disaster relief, the feudal society must give disaster relief money to the government, but the amount is different. Therefore, no matter who Li Yuchang is, he can't resist.
In addition to Wang Shenhan, the Danyang magistrate investigated by Li Yuchang, there is also a ruthless **.
After Li Yuchang's investigation, Danyang County received a total of more than 90,000 yuan in aid funds, and the only judge, Wang Shenhan, took 2 by himselfMore than 50,000 yuan!This represents almost 30 per cent of aid funding.
The local ** is insatiable, and after layers of exploitation by the Yamen Clerk's Office, the relief funds in the hands of the victims are very small, almost zero.
As a result, a large number of people in Danyang County were displaced, and many died of starvation.
When the young and enthusiastic Li Yuchang caught a large amount of evidence, he was furious and immediately reported the situation in Danyang County to Tiebao, the governor of Liangjiang.
After Wang Shenhan, the magistrate of Danyang, learned of the incident through Li Jixiang, a long-time supporter of Li Yuchang, he hoped to persuade Li Yuchang not to report the case, so he hurriedly set up a banquet and invited Li Yuchang to the county office.
However, although Li Yuchang went to the county government for a banquet, he could not convince Wang Shengtian, and the two sides had a fierce quarrel, and after several disputes, things became complicated.
In order to cover up his crime, the worried Wang Shenhan, after poisoning Li Yuchang, strangled Li Jixiang, a long-time follower, and two other servants of Li Jixiang and Li Yuchang, on the condition of finding a better job for Li Yuchang, thus creating Li Yuchang"Died by suicide"The illusion.
Li Yuchang was killed by Wang Shenghan, who was bribed by the provincial governor, and Wang Shuji arranged in advance to get the people's minister and the spokesman to agree to the conclusion that Li Yuchang committed suicide, so that he could write a report and send it to the province, and then send it to the governor of Tiebao Liangjiang to make a final decision.
Wang Shenhan was able to account for Li Yuchang's death"Died by suicide"。
However, since Li Yuchang was only 27 years old when he was killed, only his uncle Li Taiqing could bring his remains back to his hometown. When Li Taiqing received his nephew's bones, considering the local situation, he realized that something was going on suspiciously.
In order to send Li Yuchang's bones back to his hometown, Li Yuchang's wife found that blood stains often appeared on the clothes worn by Li Yuchang when sorting out Li Yuchang's relics, which were also found in the manuscript"Yuchang bit Sanyang, Yuchang was afraid of losing the Son of Heaven and didn't dare to bear it"The words.
At this time, Li Taiqing and Li Yuchang's wife thought that Li Yuchang's death must have something else hidden, so a local funeral home in Shandong reopened Li Yuchang's coffin and conducted an autopsy.
After a lot of efforts, the forensic doctor re-examined the body and concluded that Li Yuchang was poisoned and suffocated. Grief and indignation, Li Taiqing and Li Yuchang's widow decided to seek justice for Li Yuchang.
However, the officialdom at that time was already very bad, and it was difficult to get justice for Li Yuchang. So, after Li Taiqing got hold of the evidence of Li Yuchang's murder, he went directly to the door of the Jingshi patrol room, publicly shouted injustice, and demanded justice for Li Yuchang.
At this time, Zuodu Yu Steshen read out Li Taiqing's complaint, and everyone was stunned. He didn't dare to stay for a moment, and reported the matter directly to Emperor Jiaqing.
Seeing Li Taiqing's request, Emperor Jiaqing was furious, and immediately issued an order to ask Ji Lun, the governor of Shandong, and Zhu Xijue, the procurator of Shandong, to thoroughly investigate the case, and clearly requested that Shuizhai be investigated.
After receiving the holy decree, Ji Yun and Zhu Xijue knew that the case was serious, and made a special trip to Jiangsu to investigate: the case was discovered earlier, and there were no guests!
What Gillian and Zhu Xijue have to do is to show their attitude: this time they are not coming"errands"lest the efforts of the relevant personnel be in vain. The trial of Gillian and Zhu Xijue was also noisy. When it was confirmed that Li Yuchang had been poisoned and then strangled to death, Li Yuchang's servant was immediately arrested and imprisoned, and Wang Shenhan was soon arrested and convicted.
The cause and effect of the whole case were easily ascertained.
When Emperor Jiaqing saw that Ji Yun and Zhu Xijue were behind the scenes, he was so angry that he threw the file to the ground.
The consequences of this case can also be described as severe. The prefect of Tiebao and the prefect of Huai'an were dismissed and exiled to other provinces, and Wang Rizhang, the governor of Jiangsu, was dismissed and sent to the river to serve hard labor.
The family of Wang Shenhan, a magistrate directly involved in the case, was sent to the frontier as slaves and would never be pardonedWang Hub, the prefect of Huai'an, was hanged, and the whole family was sent to the frontier as slaves, never to be pardoned. Under the personal orders of Emperor Jiaqing, Li Yuchang's servants were killed, Ling Chi, and taken to Li Yuchang's tomb to be executed.
Emperor Jiaqing posthumously crowned Li Yuchang as the prefect, gave him a son, and added an official to the knighthood.
More interestingly, Emperor Jiaqing also stipulated that Wang Shenhan and Wang Shu's families could use their life income to compensate Li Yuchang's family.
Wang Shenhan and Wang Shu not only brought about their own destruction, but also made it difficult for future generations to turn over.
In the case of Li Yuchang, we can clearly see that as long as the criminal department wants to investigate, there is no case that cannot be solved.
Li Yuchang is not familiar with the rules of officialdom. He easily grasped the evidence of Wang Shenhan**'s crime, and if he changed to someone else, he was afraid that it would be easier to succeed.
In fact, at least in the past, civil servants were much more familiar with the various ways and means of corruption, and the existence of any one of them was basically due to the acquiescence of superiors and peers, and the possibility of his own crimes was almost non-existent.
Therefore, the ministers basically only know what is going on after they have learned something, and rarely say it"Unexpectedly"Something like that.
They are all thousand-year-old foxes, pretending to be naïve, pretending to be talkative?It's ridiculous that they still have to pretend to be talkative.
After Li Yuxiang was killed, Gillian and Zhu Xijiu announced that they could not receive visitors to investigate the case, and the procedure was very simple and there were almost no problems.
This is because Gillian and Zhu Xijiu guessed what was going on without investigation, and no one dared to insensitively block the Jiangsu authorities"Ignore it"interrogation.
The consequences of Wang Shengtian's reckless move are obvious, not only for his head, but also for future generations.
Wang Shenhan's ruthlessness implicated Jiangsu**, which can be described as empty of people and money, but also attracted waves of hatred. But even if you spend money to buy things at the beginning, you can't really kill a person completely, and you have to protect your colleagues in officialdom and the entire family.