Pottery drainage pipes, pottery, Yongsan culture, length 425 cm, small mouth diameter 275 cm, the diameter of the large mouth is 34 cm, and the wall thickness of the pipe is about 12 cm. Gaza terracotta tires, made of wheels, the whole is round, the abdomen is slightly bundled, one end is a flared open, the other end is small, and the whole body is decorated with rope patterns. In 1980, the ruins of the ancient city of Pingliangtai in Henan Province were unearthed. According to the carbon-14 measurement of the Institute of Cultural Relics Protection Science and Technology of the State Administration of Cultural Heritage, the construction time of the city is about 4355 175 years ago (the tree rings are correct).
The plan of the site of the ancient city site of Pingliangtai is square, and gaps and road soil are found in the middle section of the north and south city walls, which should be the south gate and north gate of the Longshan cultural city site of Pingliangtai. 0At a distance of 3 meters, a section of ceramic drainage pipe with a residual length of more than 5 meters was found. This pottery drainage pipe consists of three pipes, and the section is in the shape of an inverted "pin", which can accommodate sufficient drainage. The existing pipe is more than 5 meters long and consists of a number of clay pipes, each with the thin end facing outwards and inserting into the thick end of the other section. The whole pipeline is high in the north and low in the south, with a certain slope, which is easy to discharge sewage from the city.
Pottery drainage pipes have also been found elsewhere in the city site, and their structure is not identical. Relatively speaking, the structure is simpler, there is no tenon, each section is about 40 cm long, and the diameter of the small mouth is about 245 centimeters, the diameter of the large mouth is about 30 centimeters, and it was buried during the construction of the castle wall. Comparing these two pottery drainage pipes, experts estimate: the initial use may be the drainage pipe buried under the city wall, and later this pipe can no longer be used due to silting and other reasons, but the tall city wall can not be dug up for repair, so it has to bury another drainage pipe under the soil of Nanmen Road.
China's castle architecture, like a shining pearl of history, shines on the trajectory of time, and is a treasure of the development of ancient settlements. They were born at the dawn of civilization and were mostly gathered on the historical stage of the late Neolithic period. Among them, the Longshan cultural period is the first era of castle architecture, witnessing countless great creations and brilliance.
In ancient times, cities were like strong fortresses, shouldering the heavy responsibility of military defense. Every inch of the city, every stone, embodies the desire for security and stability. As a result, the requirements for drainage facilities have increased, and they should not be the weakness of the city's defenses, but should complement them.
Nullah drainage was once a common method used by the ancients, but in the development of the city, it gradually became inadequate. If the drainage canal is located under the city walls, it is necessary to leave a gap in the city wall, which threatens the city's defensesAnd the place located at the city gate obstructs the passage of people and brings inconvenience to life. The two major functions of the city, drainage and defense, seem to stand in opposition to each other.
As cities prosper and populations multiply, the proper discharge and treatment of wastewater becomes a major challenge. More than 4,000 years ago, during the Longshan culture period, the ancestors of the ancient city of Pingliangtai skillfully solved this problem. They mastered the manufacturing technology of ceramic drainage pipes, which provided strong support for the construction of the city. This not only solves the drainage problem, but also lays a solid foundation for the city's longevity and prosperity.
The pottery drainage pipe in the ancient city of Pingliangtai was the earliest drainage pipe found in China at that time, which greatly pushed forward the history of urban pipeline drainage in China. The use of pottery drainage pipes is also an important reason why the Pingliangtai site was identified as an ancient city site.
The site of the ancient city of Pingliangtai is an important cultural site in the Yellow River Basin of China in the Neolithic period, and its first-class pottery drainage pipe is one of the earliest drainage pipes at that time. The discovery of these pipelines reveals the wisdom and technical level of urban construction at that time, and also provides valuable material materials for the study of Longshan culture. 100 help plan