PCBA (Printed Circuit Board Assembly) is the process of mounting electronic components onto a PCB board that has already been made. There are many types of PCB boards, and different types of PCB boards will have different PCBA processing methods. Yunheng will discuss with you several PCBA processing methods of PCB boards.
1. PCBA processing method of single-layer PCB board
A single-layer PCB board refers to a PCB board with only one conductive layer, which is usually used for simple electronic products such as calculators, radios, etc. The PCBA processing method of single-layer PCB board is relatively simple, mainly including the following steps:
1.Component installation: Install the components to be installed on the PCB board according to the design requirements.
2.PCB board fixation: The PCB board on which the components are installed is fixed on the workbench to prevent displacement or damage during the machining process.
3.Soldering: Connects components to pads on the PCB to form an electrical connection.
4.Testing: Perform electrical performance testing on the soldered PCBA, including the measurement of resistance, capacitance, inductance and other parameters to ensure that it meets the design requirements.
5.Assembly: Assemble the soldered components with the PCB board to form the final product.
Second, the PCBA processing method of multi-layer PCB board
A multilayer PCB board refers to a PCB board with two or more layers of conductive layers, which is usually used in complex electronic products, such as mobile phones, tablets, etc. The PCBA processing method of multilayer PCB board is relatively complex, which mainly includes the following steps:
1.Light drawing: Generate a CNC drilling file (CAM file) according to the schematic diagram, which is used to control the CNC drilling machine to drill.
2.Etching: Put the photo-painted PCB board into the etching machine, and remove the unwanted parts by chemical etching to form a circuit pattern.
3.Electroplating: A layer of metals, such as copper, gold, tin, etc., is deposited on the etched PCB board to form a conductive layer.
4.Drilling: Drilling is carried out on the plated PCB board by means of a CNC drilling machine.
5.Mounting: Mounts the components to be installed onto the PCB board according to the design requirements.
6.PCB Board Fixation: The PCB board on which the components are mounted is fixed on the workbench to prevent displacement or damage during processing.
7.Soldering: Attach the mounted components to the pads on the PCB to form an electrical connection.
8.Testing: Perform electrical performance testing on the soldered PCBA, including the measurement of resistance, capacitance, inductance and other parameters to ensure that it meets the design requirements.
9.Assembly: Assemble the soldered components with the PCB board to form the final product.
3. PCBA processing method of special material PCB board
In addition to ordinary single-layer and multi-layer PCB boards, there are also some PCB boards made of special materials, such as aluminum substrates, flexible substrates, etc. These special material PCB boards need to adopt special PCBA processing methods, mainly including the following steps:
1.Aluminum substrate: Aluminum substrate is a kind of PCB board with good heat dissipation performance, which is usually used in LED lights, power modules, and other products. The PCBA processing method of aluminum substrate is similar to that of ordinary PCB board, but you need to pay attention to the special processing requirements of aluminum substrate, such as surface treatment, drilling, etc.
2.Flexible substrate: A flexible substrate is a flexible and flexible PCB board, which is usually used in wearable devices, smart terminals, and other products. The PCBA processing method of flexible substrate is similar to that of ordinary PCB board, but it is necessary to pay attention to the special processing requirements of flexible substrate, such as surface treatment, drilling, etc. At the same time, special equipment and technology are required to assemble and connect flexible substrates.
3.Rigid PCB board: Rigid PCB board is made of hard material with high flexural strength and heat resistance. This type of PCB board is most commonly found in computers, cell phones, and other consumer electronics. In PCBA machining, rigid PCB boards are typically assembled using surface mount technology (SMT). SMT is a technology in which electronic components are soldered to the surface of a PCB board. For small components on rigid PCBs, assembly is usually done using an automated placement machine, while for large components, manual soldering is possible. After the SMT assembly is completed, a wave soldering process is also required to ensure a good connection between the components and the PCB.
Different PCB boards require different PCBA processing methods to meet their specific needs. With the development of electronic products and the advancement of technology, PCB board and PCBA processing are also constantly developing and improving.