The further intensification of population aging not only affects the population structure and employment situation, but also endangers the stable and sustainable operation of the basic old-age insurance system to a certain extent. Therefore, it is urgent to alleviate the pension problem caused by the aging of the population. Referring to the "2022 National Bulletin on the Development of Aging Undertakings" released by the Ministry of Civil Affairs and the National Office on Aging in December 2022, there are several sets of data that deserve everyone's attention. By the end of 2022, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above in China has exceeded 2800 million, accounting for 19 percent of the country's total population8%；The number of elderly people aged 65 and above exceeded 200 million, accounting for 149%。According to the previous National Health Commission, it is expected that by 2025, the number of elderly people aged 60 and above in China will exceed 300 million, and the proportion of the elderly population will reach 20%;It is estimated that by 2035, the number of elderly people aged 65 and above in China will officially exceed 400 million, and the proportion of the elderly population will exceed 30%, officially entering the stage of severe aging from moderate aging. 
Analysis of the current situation of pensionsAccording to the current basic old-age security system, "pension" as the only channel for retirees of enterprises and institutions and pensioners aged 60 and above to obtain economic income, its level can be said to be inseparable from the quality of life in later years. Moreover, with the further increase in prices, the lower the pension level of retirees, the more difficult it is to provide for the elderly. Referring to the "2022 Statistical Communiqué on the Development of Human Resources and Social Security" issued by the Ministry of Human Resources, it is not difficult for us to roughly calculate the monthly per capita pension level of retirees participating in the basic pension insurance for urban employees in 2022 is about 3,600 yuanThe monthly per capita basic pension level of urban and rural residents receiving pension insurance benefits is about 204 yuan. It can be seen that there is a clear gap in the level of pensions between urban and rural areas. 
Pension Reform Direction**In order to gradually narrow the pension gap between urban and rural areas, so that retirees of enterprises and institutions and urban and rural residents aged 60 and above can enjoy more perfect pension security, in recent years, the state has introduced some measures to optimize and reform the pension program, and has achieved remarkable results. Based on this, on the direction of the reform of the pension system in the next 5 10 years, the author also made the following points: the coverage of the basic pension insurance system will be further expanded, and gradually narrow the gap between urban and rural pensions by increasing financial subsidies and improving the basic systemGradually realize the national overall planning of the basic pension insurance system, and put the gradual postponement of the statutory retirement age on the agenda, so as to alleviate the overall trend of aging;Intensify the supervision of basic pension insurance, resolutely put an end to and severely punish the illegal behavior of receiving basic pension in violation of regulations, and ensure the safe operation of basic pension insuranceEncourage and support more forces in the society to participate in the social insurance cause, and further meet the growing needs of the retired elderly through diversified waysGradually improve the personal pension system, and the personal pension system as an effective supplement to the current basic pension system, and then improve the rate of return on personal accounts, to achieve a steady growth of the basic pension level. From this month,2 categories of people according to the "new standard".Pension calculationRetired employees who apply for retirement in December 2023 and receive a monthly pensionA few days ago, many places have successively announced the calculation and payment base of the basic pension for retired employees of enterprises and institutions. For example, the Anhui Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security issued the "Notice on Announcing the Basic Pension Calculation and Payment Base for Retirees in 2023", which clarifies that the basic pension calculation and payment base for retirees in Anhui Province in 2023 will be 7,688 yuan, an increase of 287 yuan per month compared with 2022;For another example, the Guangdong Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security and the Department of Finance issued the "Notice on Announcing the Basic Pension Calculation and Payment Base for Urban Employees in Guangdong Province in 2023", clarifying that the calculation and payment base of the basic pension for retirees in Guangdong Province (except Shenzhen) in 2023 is 9,028 yuan, an increase of 346 yuan compared with 2022. After the adjustment of the pension calculation and payment base, retired employees of enterprises and institutions who apply for retirement in 2023 and receive a basic pension on a monthly basis will usher in a recalculation of the difference, and will be paid to the account one after another. It is worth mentioning that from January 2024, retirees will calculate the temporary pension benefits according to the pension calculation and payment base in 2023 until the pension calculation and payment base is announced in 2024, and then recalculate the difference. It can be seen that with the adjustment of the pension calculation base, the pension of retirees will also follow. 
Recipients of basic old-age insurance benefits for urban and rural residents in some provincesAs of January 3, 2024, Fujian Province first announced the provincial standard for the basic pension of urban and rural residents in 2024, and from January 1, 2024, the provincial standard for the basic pension of basic pension insurance for urban and rural residents will be increased again, from the current 150 yuan per person per month to 160 yuan per person per month. Taking an urban and rural resident pension insurance recipient in Fujian as an example, it is assumed that he will reach the age of 60 in January 2024 and have a personal account storage amount of 50,000 yuan. Then the minimum standard of the basic pension can be calculated. Basic pension = 160 yuan per person month personal account pension = 50,000 139 = 359The sum of 7 yuan per person per month gives that the minimum standard of the basic pension of the recipient of the benefit is 5197 yuan month. 
ConclusionIn general, according to the current basic pension insurance system, if you want to improve your own basic pension standards, then you should follow the basic principle of "pay more, pay longer", that is, within the scope of economic conditions, as far as possible to increase the basic pension insurance payment base (grade), extend the payment period, only the payment base is high enough, the payment period is long enough, and only after reaching the statutory retirement age or reaching the age of 60 can you apply for a higher standard of basic pension. In addition, as an insured employee or urban and rural insured resident, you should also pay more attention to and understand the country's pension policy, and formulate the most suitable pension plan. At the same time, for retirees whose pension level is still low, they should also reasonably plan their pension expenditures and reduce unnecessary large expenditures to meet and protect their basic lives. In addition, for the dividends released by the pension insurance policy, we should also actively participate in and only seize it, so that our old age can truly be supported and relied on.