In 1960, the ownership of Mount Everest caused controversy, how did Chairman Mao deal with it?

Mondo Tourism Updated on 2024-01-31

In 1960, Nepalese Prime Minister Koirala paid a special visit to China on the Sino-Nepalese border issue.

We were in the country of etiquette and warmly received, but as soon as the other party came up, they went straight to the point and asked for Mount Everest.

Since ancient times, the sovereignty of Mount Everest has long been decided.

After pondering for a while, he smiled and asked, "Are you going to row all of Mount Everest?"

Shortly after returning to Nepal from China, Koirala suffered a coup d'état, which sparked a heroic story of mountaineering over the sovereignty of Mount Everest.

What does Nepal want to do on Mount Everest?And how are the leaders of our country solving this problem?

Mount Everest is located in the middle of the Himalayas, the peak is covered with snow all year round, altitude sickness, extreme cold, and daunting.

China's Mount Everest was recorded as early as the Yuan Dynasty: in the Qing Dynasty, Kangxi had ordered someone to draw the "Great Qing Dynasty Landscape Map", and the surveyor marked Mount Everest in Manchu and Chinese. This is the earliest recorded Mount Everest in the worldIt proves that the sovereignty of this mountain belongs to China

However, with the change of dynasties and the division of the Qing Dynasty by the great powers, Asia fell into chaos, and a new order was formed. And Mount Everest, in addition to the Chinese, also has the sound and shadow of Nepal.

The two countries are separated by Mount Everest, and because of the inconvenient transportation and not many contacts, there is no special connection on the border. Nepalese, in particular, have a more primitive way of life and are often bullied by India, so they are not interested in ownership of Mount Everest.

On August 1, 1955, Japan established diplomatic relations with Nepal and sought opportunities for cooperation in various fields. Because there is not much communication between the two countries, the ownership of Mount Everest has never been mentioned.

It was not until 1959 that the West began to deliberately smear us and spread rumors that the squadron had entered the Sino-Nepalese border.

This fake news has alarmed Nepalese, and some unwitting people have even begun to boycott anything related to China.

Our leaders felt the need to explain the truth to Nepal, so through the Nepalese ambassador to China, they explained to them the truth of the facts and the intentions of the West. Statements made out of nothing blind ordinary people, but also realize: there is no clear border between the two countries yet.

So in March 1960, Nepalese Prime Minister Koirala made a special visit to China to formalize the issue of national borders.

At that time, Nepal was in chaos, and despite Koirala's victory in Nepal's first elections, he was unable to control the country's **.

As Western countries and India are trying their best to smear China, the local people are also highly concerned about the border issue, and even took to the streets to demand that Koirala "not give up an inch of land".

Koirala came to China with this zeal.

There was no conflict between China and Nepal, and the negotiations went fairly smoothly, but when it came to the ownership of Mount Everest, Koirala insisted that Mount Everest belonged to Nepal.

But *** didn't get angry, just smiled and said, "Are you going to row all of Mount Everest?"”

Koirala was silent and did not answer.

Then he said: "It's all for you, we can't get over emotionally, give it all to us, you can't get over it emotionally." ”

So *** proposed to divide Mount Everest into two, the south to Nepal, and the north to China.

For Mount Everest, the two countries have different names, which can be collectively called the China-Nepal Friendship Peak.

The meaning of the words is obvious, but Koirala did not answer directly, but only said that the Nepalese have conquered Mount Everest, which is enough to show that Mount Everest belongs to Nepal.

The chairman smiled after hearing this, he did not expect Koirala's reason to be like this, and also said that China would climb to the summit along the northern peak, which is even harsher in the environment.

Koirala stayed in China for 13 days and finally returned home without a definite answer.

Considering that the Nepalese people were not satisfied with the border talks, the leader visited Nepal the following month to reiterate China's position.

This time, Koirala said: Slow down, give him some time to calm the people.

It is also because of this negotiation that our mountaineering enthusiasts have embarked on a mountaineering journey in a race to the death.

In 1953, Norgai, a Nepalese, led New Zealand explorers south along the Himalayas until they reached the highest peak of Mount Everest, becoming the first mountaineering team.

Nepal believes that it has conquered this sacred mountain and gained recognition, so Mount Everest belongs to Nepal. This was originally just a small episode between mountaineering enthusiasts, but it became a pretext for border negotiations between China and Nepal.

As a result, a dispute between China and Nepal began.

The southern part of Tenzin, where Tenzin is located, is affected by the warm air currents of the Indian Ocean, so the climbing environment is not bad, and there is a lot of gentle terrain that is very suitable for climbing.

The northern part of the country we are going to challenge has a continental plateau climate with very low temperatures, and it is facing the problem of lack of oxygen from the beginning. In addition, the north is steeper than the south, so it is more difficult to climb.

Due to the difference between the north and the south, foreign climbers are more inclined to climb south, fearing the harsh environment of the north. This also means that the difficulties faced by our mountaineering team far exceed those of Tenzin.

At that time, the country was in a difficult period and there were no spare funds to support the mountaineering team.

However, after discussion by the State Sports Commission, it was decided that no matter what, a part of the funds must be allocated to fund the mountaineering team.

In March 1960, our mountaineering team traveled from Shigatse to the foot of Mount Everest when Nepalese Prime Minister Kolara visited China.

There is a base camp here, which is a route that our country spent 15 days to open up, just in handy, the base camp is 5120 meters above sea level, and then climb a thousand meters upwards to reach the next foothold, the medical station at an altitude of 6400 meters.

At this altitude, even on a sunny day, the temperature is only minus 20 degrees Celsius. Weng Qingzhang, the leader of the medical team, who was waiting for the mountaineers at the medical station, said that the environment in the medical station was also quite harsh, and even his breathing would quickly freeze.

Due to severe altitude sickness and lack of oxygen, it takes at least two hours for a pot of water to boil, and in such an environment, the team members often lose their appetite.

If you don't eat, you won't have the strength, and if your body can't keep up, the consequences will be serious. After a day of rest at the medical station, the climbers decided to continue the climb. Further up, the snow is bottomless, with occasional small avalanches.

The next stop is North Col, located between Mount Everest and the peaks on the north side, with an average slope of fifty or sixty degrees, which looks like a valley.

When the team climbed to 6,800 meters, they found that there was a narrow ice crack on the ice cliff, and because there was no place to borrow, they could only pass through it.

But the crack was slippery, and the team members stuck to both sides of the crack, and with balance and endurance, they slowly climbed up. The ice cliff is more than 20 meters high, and you can see the top of the mountain at a glance, but it is so high, but it makes people feel powerless.

At that time, team member Liu Dayi caught a cold, his body was very weak, and he fell several times while climbing the ice crack. However, he did not give up, and on the fourth occasion, he managed to pass through the ice crevasse.

Before nightfall, the reconnaissance team finally crossed the road, set up ropes, set up ladders, and led the team to the north.

On April 25, temperatures began to warm up in most parts of the country, but the team climbing Everest encountered a new problem.

On that day, a strong wind suddenly blew on the mountain, making it difficult for people to walk, so the team had to set up tents on the mountain. Who knew that the strong wind blew the tent away, and everyone had no choice but to hug each other to keep warm, and two people were frostbitten.

The team members wanted to call for help from the base camp, but because the temperature was too low and the communication equipment was out of order, they had to look around for shelter from the wind, and luckily found a crack in the ice so that no more damage was caused.

Seeing that they were getting closer and closer to Mount Everest, the team members were all slightly or seriously injured, and some even sacrificed their lives. Due to the serious injuries, the mountaineering team had to re-select the team members and reorganize the team to continue climbing.

On May 17th, 4 commandos went into battle lightly, one national flag, one *** like, team member Wang Fuzhou gritted his teeth and said: If you can't go up, I won't come back.

A few days later, they came to the "second step". The second step of the rock wall is very smooth, but fortunately, it can still borrow strength, and in this extremely oxygen-deprived environment, it can also save some physical strength. At the last four meters, the slope suddenly became steeper, almost perpendicular to the ground, and the group tried several times without success.

Thinking about it, there is only a human ladder. The hiking shoes worn by the team members are full of steel nails, and if you take the ladder directly, you will definitely get stuck in the flesh.

Qu Yinhua felt sorry for his comrade-in-arms, took off his shoes, and stepped on his shoulder. However, due to the environment, the socks were easy to slip, and he tried several times but could not stand firmly, so he had to take off his socks and successfully set up the ladder barefoot.

In such cold weather, his toes and heels were frostbitten, and he had to have his leg amputated.

It took them 3 hours to climb over a 4-meter cliff. At this time, Liu Lianman was already physically exhausted, and the team members left him a bottle of oxygen cylinder and continued to hurry.

At this time, it was already past seven o'clock in the evening, the temperature plummeted, and new problems came again. Do you want to rest, or do you want to keep going?

They could not contact the base camp, so they could only conclude that the weather was bad on the 25th based on the intelligence of the previous days, and in order to avoid a more difficult next day, they decided to climb the mountain overnight.

On the night of May 24, 1960, three climbers climbed to the top of the mountain in the dark, and after a long period of hypoxia, severe cold and hunger, their bodies had reached their limits. But there is one belief in everyone's heart: that is to reach the top.

In the early morning of the 25th, the mountaineering team led by Wang Fuzhou finally reached the top of the mountain, and he looked around, trying to distinguish the cliffs high by the faint light.

After looking around, I didn't go any higher, so I asked Kampot next to me, "Have you arrived?"”

Kampot replied, "We have come to the end, and further down is down." ”

At this moment, they were so tired that they couldn't even laugh, but their hearts were extremely satisfied and proud.

The team members moved the national flag and the *** statue to the top of the mountain, collected some samples of rocks and snow, and then slowly descended the mountain.

On May 28, "People's **" reported this feat on the front page, and the whole country rejoiced: This is a great feat in the history of mountaineering in our country, and it also makes us more sure of the demarcation of the Sino-Nepalese border.

On October 5, 1961, China and Nepal signed a border agreement. At the suggestion of ***, Mount Everest was divided into two parts, each managed by two countries.

China and Nepal jointly announced the latest elevation of Mount Everest: 884886 meters.

This statement completely smashed the attempts of other countries to sow discord and marked a new step in the friendly relations between China and Nepal.

Conclusion: Historically, the friendly relations between China and Nepal have developed along with the development of the two countries, but due to political reasons, there has been a deadlock on the border issue between the two countries. It can be said that in those days, China was under pressure from all sides and was struggling.

From national leaders to mountaineers, they all shoulder the heavy responsibility of rejuvenating the Chinese nation. It is precisely their efforts that have brought about the glory of New China and the prosperity of today, which our ancestors bought with their blood and lives.

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