Methods of bronchiectasis and expectoration include postural drainage, vibrating tapping, effective coughing, and nebulized inhalation.
Postural drainage uses gravity to remove secretions from the airways by changing the position. The specific method of operation is to place the patient in a position that is conducive to expectoration according to the location of the lesion, such as in patients with bronchiectasis with the lesion in the lower lobe, the prone position can be used to facilitate the drainage of sputum to the oral cavity or nasal cavity. During the drainage process, medical staff should closely observe the patient's vital signs such as breathing and heart rate, as well as the color and amount of sputum, to determine whether the drainage time, method or location needs to be adjusted.
Vibration tapping is a vibration that strikes the chest wall to cause the sputum attached to the lungs and bronchi to be removed and excreted with the help of coughing. During the procedure, the medical staff should instruct the patient to adopt the correct coughing posture, such as leaning forward, contracting the abdominal muscles, and coughing vigorously to facilitate the discharge of sputum. At the same time, fingers can be pressed on the suprasternal fossa to stimulate the trachea to enhance the coughing effect.
Effective coughing is to instruct the patient to learn the correct cough posture and techniques to facilitate the coughing up of deep sputum out of the body. During the procedure, the medical staff should instruct the patient to adopt the correct coughing posture, such as sitting or standing upright, inhaling in the abdomen, and then coughing vigorously to cough up the sputum. At the same time, care should be taken to avoid excessive exertion or excessive breath-holding, so as not to aggravate the condition or cause discomfort.
Nebulized inhalation is a method that uses high-velocity oxygen airflow to turn a drug into a mist that works by inhaling it into the airways. In the process of nebulized inhalation, the drug can act directly on the airway mucosa, humidify the airway, dilute the sputum, and thus facilitate the discharge of sputum. At the same time, the drug can also play an anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic, antiasphetic and other effects, and relieve symptoms such as cough and asthma caused by bronchiectasis. Nebulized inhalation is generally carried out by normal saline plus drugs such as ambroxol**.