The split() method is a built-in function in Python that splits strings by the specified delimiter and returns a list of split substrings. This article describes the usage of the split() method and related considerations in detail.
1.The basic syntax and arguments of the split() method.
The basic syntax of the split() method is as follows:
str.split(sep=none, maxsplit=-1)
Here the sep is the delimiter, which can be a string or none (meaning the use of any whitespace character as the delimiter). maxsplit is an optional parameter that specifies the number of splits. By default, maxsplit is set to -1, which means that there is no limit to the number of splits.
2.Use the default separator to split the string.
If you don't specify any separators, the split() method uses the default separators, which are whitespace characters (spaces, tabs, and line breaks). Here's a simple example:
str1 = "split method in python"
result = str1.split()
print(result)
The output is:
split', 'method', 'in', 'python']
In this example, the string str1 is split by spaces, returning a list of four elements.
3.Split the string using the specified delimiter.
In addition to using the default delimiter, the split() method can also use the specified delimiter for string splitting. Here's an example:
str2 = "apple,banana,grape,orange"
result = str2.split(",")
print(result)
The output is:
apple', 'banana', 'grape', 'orange']
In this example, the string str2 is split by comma, returning a list of four elements.
4.Control the number of splits.
You can use the maxsplit parameter to limit the number of splits. For example, if maxsplit is set to 1, then the split() method will only split once. Here's an example:
str3 = "one two three four five"
result = str3.split(" ", 1)
print(result)
The output is:
one', 'two three four five']
In this example, the string str3 is split once by space, returning a list of two elements.
5.Split empty strings.
When using the split() method, if a sequential separator is encountered, the empty string between them will be ignored. Here's an example:
str4 = "apple,,banana,,grape"
result = str4.split(",")
print(result)
The output is:
apple', '', 'banana', '', 'grape']
In this example, the string str4 is split by comma, returning a list of five elements with two empty strings.
6.Precautions and anomalies.
When using the split() method, you need to pay attention to the following:
If the object calling the split() method is not of the string type, an attributeError exception is thrown.
If the specified delimiter is not found in the string, the split() method returns a list containing the entire string without splitting.
The split() method does not remove the delimiters, they will exist as part of the split substring in the returned list.
If the argument to the split() method is an empty string (''), which splits each character in the string into a separate string.
7.Practical application scenarios.
The split() method has many application scenarios in practical programming, such as:
Parsing a CSV (comma-separated values) file: split(","method splits each line of text to extract the value of each field.
Split URL: You can use split("/"method splits the URL into parts such as host, path, and query parameters for further processing.
Split log files: You can use different separators to split each log line based on the format of the log file to extract key information.
This topic describes the usage and precautions of the split() method in detail, and illustrates different application scenarios. The split() method can be used to easily split the string according to the specified delimiter, so as to realize further processing of the string.
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