Tsing Yi and Hua Dan both belong to Danxing.
Dan Xing, one of the four major performances of Peking Opera, is a female character. In miscellaneous dramas, Dan is a collective term for female characters, and the lead singer is called Zhengdan, which means the positive angle in Dan. When it arrives in Kunshan cavity, it forms four branches: Zhengdan, Xiaodan, Tiedan, and Laodan. Later, Bangzi, Pi Huang and other local operas have developed, according to the different ages, different personalities, different identities and performance characteristics of the characters, can be roughly divided into Lao Dan, Zheng Dan, Hua Dan, Tie Dan, Boudoir Dan, Wu Dan, Cai Dan seven branches. The Dan Xing in Peking Opera is roughly the same, and is divided into six categories: Tsing Yi (Zhengdan), Hua Dan (Xiao Dan), Lao Dan, Boudoir Dan, Wudan, and Cai Dan. From Wang Yaoqing, he began to create the category of flower shirts.
Below, let's focus on the difference between Tsing Yi and Hua Dan.
Tsing Yi, also known as Zhengdan, was originally the name of the line in the Yuan miscellaneous drama, which generally refers to the positive angle in the Dan line, which is similar to the meaning of Zhengwu Zhengjing, that is, the main part of the middle in a line. Zheng Dan (Tsing Yi) in Peking Opera occupies the most central position in the Dan industry, and has been summarized and developed into an independent industry with a specific personality and specific performance norms. Generally, they play serious, dignified, decent and gentle characters, mostly good wives and mothers or chaste martyrs, aged between 20 and 40 years old (young and middle-aged, no old age), mainly dramas and tragic characters. Because when playing tragic characters and poor people, they often wear black clothes, and black is called "green" in ancient times, so it is also called "green clothes". Its performance characteristics are mainly singing, the singing section is heavy, the range of action is small, the action is more stable, the recitation is rhyme white, the modeling requirements are solemn and generous, and the singing uses false Ga (small voice). Such as Qin Xianglian in "The Case of Quanmei", Bai Suzhen in "Sacrifice Tower", Sun Shangxiang (in tribute to Liu Bei) in "Sacrifice to the River", Yang Guifei in "Drunk", Mu Guiying in "Yang Men Female General", Wang Chun'e in "Sanniang's Godson", Li Yanfei in "Erjin Palace", etc. In the above example, the plays of Bai, Sun, Wang, Li and other characters are not heavy performances, mainly sitting and singing, according to the traditional standard of Tsing Yi opera. There are also some Tsing Yi operas that pay equal attention to singing, reading, and doing, such as Wang Baochuan in "Three High-Fives", Liu Yingchun in "Fenhe Bay", and Zhao Yanrong in "Cosmic Edge". In terms of clothing, Zhengdan (Tsing Yi) wears green pleats, also called green shirts. In feudal society, women's movements are very unfree, and etiquette requires that they smile without showing their teeth, do not squint, or even show their fingers, and cannot walk fast, but must be steady and serene, so women performing on the old stage must hold one hand horizontally, covering the stomach and chest (place), and the other hand hanging on the side of the body, slow and orderly, whether sitting, standing, or walking, you must always maintain this posture. Therefore, the common people call Zhengdan also called "holding the belly".
Hua Dan is the opposite of Zhengdan's personality traits, generally playing a lively and cheerful or pungent young and middle-aged woman. In the Yuan miscellaneous drama, there is the title of Hua Dan, and it is a prostitute and the like. After the creation of artists in the past dynasties, the scope of performance has been continuously expanded, and by the Ming Dynasty, it has become an independent industry common to all types of dramas, with specific personalities and specific performance norms. Hua Dan in Peking Opera often plays small characters such as Xiaojia Jasper and Mailing, so she is also called Xiaodan. In terms of clothing, they all wear short clothes, or short gowns, short pants, or short jackets, short skirts, and the clothes are colorful and lively (in Peking Opera costumes, the identity of wearing long clothes is higher than that of wearing short clothes), and even if you wear long clothes, you are embroidered with colorful patterns. The age is all young, the performance is mainly based on workmanship and recitation, Hua Dan's movements require delicate and lively, clever and agile, singing with a thin voice, singing requires smooth and dexterous, the vast majority of Nianbai Nianjing Bai, there are also Nianyun Bai, heavy workmanship, especially the pursuit of the character's brilliance, such as "Spring Grass in the Hall", "Selling Water" in Mei Xiang, "Red Lady" in the red lady. There are two kinds of Hua Dan: narrow and broad. In a narrow sense, it refers to the role of a young woman who is more cheerful and lively in personality and has a lighter and more agile demeanor. There are many such roles. Such as Chunlan in "Flower Field Mistake", Pingxin in "Cherry Fighting", and the matchmaker in "West Chamber" and "Red Lady". In a broad sense, it can be divided into three categories: boudoir dan, joking dan, and spicy dan.
One of them,Originally, it specifically referred to an unmarried girl, a type of character who won by workmanship and recitation. More typical ones such as Liu Yulian in "The Edge of the Cabinet", Sun Yujiao in "Picking Up the Jade Bracelet", etc., and later some characters behaved more steadily, and paid more attention to singing and doing, and they also fell into this category, such as Tang Wan in "Hairpin Phoenix", Su Yulian in "Mei Yu Pei", Cheng Xue'e in "Phoenix Returns to the Nest", Chen Xingyuan in "Second Plum" and so on. Boudoir Dan plays the role of everyone's beautiful or more stable small family jasper, and most of them are rhymed white. The second joke Dan,Literally, they are characters who are easy to talk about, funny, funny, and fight, and they all appear in farce or comedy, featuring funny, witty, and joking, and most of them are paired with harlequins. Jokes are re-told and reworked, some do not sing at all, and some only sing small songs or singing songs (not singing skin yellow), such as "Little New Year", "Little Mill", "Noodle Bowl", "Steel Knife", "Stove King", "City God", "Playing Poles" and so on. The third is spicy,It is to play a very pungent character, with workmanship and confession as the main means of performance, this character has a distinct personality, his speech is very sharp and scathing, and his demeanor is more uninhibited. Such as Pan Qiaoyun in "Cuiping Mountain", Pan Jinlian in "Wu Song Kills Sister-in-law", Yan Xijiao in "Sitting on the Stairs and Killing Pity", etc. Grandma Ba Jiu in "Baro He" can be described as the most authentic and typical pungent Dan. There is also the story of the assassination of Dan,This word comes from Kunqu Opera, but it is very different from the meaning of Peking Opera Assassination Dan. The meaning of Kunqu opera refers to the fact that some women assassinate their enemies for revenge, with exaggerated movements, more nervous singing, and more intense emotions, such as Wu Feixia in "Xiangliang Thorn Liang". The meaning of Peking Opera generally refers to the women who were assassinated, such as the aforementioned Pan Qiaoyun was killed by Yang Xiong and Shi Xiu, and Pan Jinlian was killed by Wu Song. In Peking Opera, assassins are killed for revenge, most of them are decent women, and such roles are handled by Tsing Yi.