With the rapid development of social economy, people's requirements for meteorological information are increasing day by day, while traditional ground weather stations, weather balloons, meteorological satellites and other equipment have certain limitations in terms of coverage, observation frequency, and data timeliness. In order to improve the spatial and temporal resolution of meteorological observations, vehicle-mounted weather stations came into being and have developed rapidly.
The vehicle-mounted weather station refers to the installation of various meteorological observation equipment on the vehicle, and the continuous dynamic observation of meteorological elements along the way is realized by using the mobility of the vehicle. A standard vehicle-mounted weather station mainly includes meteorological sensors (temperature and humidity, air pressure, wind speed and direction, etc.), data acquisition and processing system, communication system, power supply system, support structure, etc. When working, the meteorological sensor monitors the changes of surrounding meteorological parameters in real time, collects sensor data at the same time, the data processing system conducts quality control and preliminary analysis of the original data, and transmits the observation data to the meteorological center or user terminal through the communication system in wireless or wired mode, providing basic data support for weather forecasting and early warning, numerical model data assimilation, etc.
Compared with traditional meteorological observation methods, vehicle-mounted weather stations have many advantages:
1.Wide observation range: The on-board weather station is installed on the vehicle, which can adjust the driving route according to needs and cover any area.
2.High observation frequency: The vehicle-mounted weather station can continuously move to make observations, and the monitoring frequency can reach once per second.
3.Low observation cost: The vehicle-mounted weather station does not need to build a high-cost ground station, and can be used only by modifying the vehicle moderately.
4.Good data timeliness: The vehicle-mounted weather station can transmit the observation data to the user terminal in real time through the wireless network to meet the demand for real-time data.
5.Adaptability: The vehicle-mounted weather station can work normally in any complex terrain and bad weather.
Vehicle-mounted weather stations have broad application prospects in many fields such as meteorological disaster monitoring and early warning, numerical weather forecasting, and comprehensive meteorological support. For example, vehicle-mounted weather stations have played an important role in the on-site monitoring of severe convective weather such as typhoons and heavy rains, providing strong support for improving the accuracy and timeliness of meteorological early warning. Some numerical prediction centers also use the high-density and high-frequency raw data provided by vehicle-mounted weather stations to improve data assimilation and numerical models, which greatly improves the spatial resolution of regional meteorological forecasts. In the fields of forest fire prevention and highway meteorological support, the visibility sensors and carbon dioxide sensors equipped with vehicle-mounted weather stations can provide basic reference for relevant prevention and control decisions.
Looking forward to the future, the deep integration of vehicle-mounted weather stations with satellite remote sensing, radar detection, Internet technology, big data analysis and other means will promote the development of vehicle-mounted meteorological observation to intelligence and three-dimensional. It is expected that in the future, the meteorological department will establish a three-dimensional integrated observation system, including a vehicle-mounted weather station, to achieve accurate depiction of any time and space weather system, and greatly improve the level of meteorological research, judgment, forecasting and service.