In vegetable cultivation, there are some types of vegetables that require seedlings. Through seedling sowing in advance, the vegetable seedlings can gain more accumulated temperature, flower and bear fruit in advance, increase yield, and improve product quality. In addition, the planting density can be controlled, the amount of seeds can be reduced, and the production cost input can be reduced.
In addition to selecting excellent varieties, it is necessary to have loose, fertile, and disease-free bed soil to raise good seedlings. Bed soil is related to the key to whether strong seedlings can be raised, and the preparation of bed soil is the first step of seedling cultivation, which cannot be ignored. Let's talk about the preparation and specific practices of bed soil:
1. Bed soil preparation.
The seedling bed soil requires complete nutrients, loose texture, good aeration, strong water and fertilizer retention ability, and no diseases and insects. Field soil can be mixed with well-decomposed organic fertilizer, mixed in a ratio of 4:6 or 5:5, and sifted. If the soil is clayey and heavy, an appropriate amount of furnace ash can be added. In order to improve the nutrients of the bed soil, 1 kg of urea and 6 taels of potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be added to each cubic meter of soil, and they are fully mixed evenly.
2. Disinfection of bed soil.
The aim is to prevent cataplexy and sclerotinia disease.
1. Sealed fumigation and disinfection: the purpose is to prevent cataplexy and sclerotinia disease. The fumigation agent is added to the seedbed soil, and then covered with a film to diffuse the drug gas in the soil for sterilization and insecticide. 1000 kg of bed soil, sprayed with 200 300 ml of 40% formaldehyde plus 25 30 liters of water. It can also be sprayed with 10,000 times of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, according to 50 60 grams of 1000 kg of bed soil solution. After spraying, stir well and pile up, cover with plastic film or wet grass, and stuff for 2 to 3 days, which can be fully sterilized. Remove the mulch and sow after 1-2 weeks to allow the medicinal smell in the soil to fully evaporate. The volatilization of the medicinal flavor is not sufficient, and it cannot be sown, otherwise the emergence of seedlings will be affected.
2. Solar disinfection method: before sowing, the seedbed is flattened and covered with a transparent heat-absorbing film, and the soil temperature can rise to 5 60 on sunny days, and it can be sealed for 15 20 days, which can kill a variety of medium bacteria in the soil.
3. High-temperature fermentation and disinfection: In the high temperature season, the old bed soil, circle manure and straw are stacked in layers, with a thickness of about 15 cm each, a diameter of 3 5 meters at the bottom of the pile, and a height of about 2 meters. Pour thin manure and rice washing water from the opening to fully moisten the pile to facilitate high-temperature fermentation. This method can kill pathogenic bacteria, insect eggs, grass seeds, and make the organic fertilizer fully rotten. In spring, the seedlings are planed and piled, and then sieved for later use, which not only achieves the purpose of bed soil disinfection, but also solves the problem of bed soil and organic fertilizer.
4. Medicinal soil disinfection method: it can prevent and control cataplexy and blight at the seedling stage of melons. When preparing nutrient soil, add 10 grams of 70% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazim wettable powder per cubic meter of nutrient soil, spread 1 3 of the medicinal soil on the seedbed, and the remaining 2 3 medicinal soil evenly cover the seeds. 2. per square meter of seedbed with 25 4 5 grams of trichlorfon powder plus 2 kg of fine soil, mixed evenly and sprinkled into the seedbed, can control mole crickets, earthworms, etc.
List of high-quality authors