“Dostoevsky was the great interrogator of the human soul, He put the men and women in the ** in an unbearable situation to test them, not only stripping off the whiteness of the surface and torturing the evil hidden underneath, but also torturing the true whiteness hidden under the sin. And they refused to be put to death in a happy way, trying to let them live a long time. ”
Lu Xun once commented on the great writer Dostoevsky, which can be described as a sentence.
His famous work "Crime and Punishment" is just such a work.
The book tells the story of Raskolnikov, a poor college student, who went through a tortuous and painful inner torment after the murder, and finally surrendered himself.
Before reading this book, there was some fear, fear of reading about the murder scene, but I didn't want to miss such a good book because of it.
When I slowly opened the book and read it boldly, after reading that the protagonist killed someone, the more I read, the more shocked I became, and I finished reading it quickly, and finally I couldn't calm down for a long time.
Dostoevsky's analysis of the inner world of the characters and the writing of human nature are shocking.
Psychologist Adler said, ".The ultimate meaning of understanding human nature is to improve our understanding of human beings, in other words, it must help us become better, more whole, and healthier people
Seeing through human nature is a compulsory course for everyone.
We are born ordinary, but we are always pretentious
Zhou Zuoren once said,"One of the greatest weaknesses of humanity is the illusion of pretentiousness. ”
tried his best, but lived an ordinary life. This is the fate of most people.
However, we are born ordinary, but we are always pretentious. Just like Luo Jia, the protagonist of "Crime and Punishment".
Rodya, also known as Raskolnikov, is a law student. In his **, he believes that people are generally divided into two kinds, one is ordinary people and the other is extraordinary people.
Ordinary people like to live obediently, and the meaning of their existence is to reproduce their own kind, and they are the masters of the present.
Extraordinary people, who can trample on others at will for the sake of their so-called lofty ideals, who can cross the moral line with a clear conscience when necessary, who push the world forward and are the masters of the future.
In Luo Jia's mind, he sees himself as a second kind of person, that is, a Napoleon-like saboteur, the creator of the future.
It was with this thought in mind that he felt more and more that the old woman who was a loan shark was mean and snobbish, but she was just a harmful lice, and killing her was also a good thing for the people.
By chance, one day, he happened to learn that the old woman's sister was not at home at night, so he ran to the old woman's house overnight and hacked her to death.
Unexpectedly, all this happened to be seen by the sister of the old woman who came back. Afraid that the matter would be revealed, Luo Jia simply killed her, and then fled in a hurry.
He thought that he was not killing people, but principles, but he killed principles, and he did not cross over himself.
A person with a conscience who recognizes his mistakes will surely suffer. For him, this was a punishment other than torture. ”
Luo Jia's words are clearly the self after the killing.
The cry of conscience in his heart made him feel uneasy all day long.
In the end, he gradually realized that he was just a louse, an ordinary ordinary person.
Knowing yourself is the hardest thing in the world. But the true meaning of life lies in knowing yourself correctly.
Each of us needs to know ourselves objectively, see where we are, and then accept ourselves.
Even if we try our best to remain an ordinary person, we must always love ourselves and the world.
Flattery that satisfies vanity is something that everyone likes to hear
Even if the flattery is false from beginning to end, it is still pleasant to listen to. This is true for people of all levels of education and all walks of life in society.
Svidley Gailov in the book said this to Rodya. This man is probably the most authentic character in the book.
He has been uninhibited all his life, and his only pursuit is women and pleasure.
Speak outright about your intoxicated outlook on life, and tell your romantic story with relish.
He recounted how he seduced a wife with a faithful husband and children.
At first, he praised her vigorously, even if she just glanced at him, he immediately blamed himself, saying that he forced her to do it, she resisted, and resisted it very strongly, if it wasn't for his bad heart, then he would definitely not get anything.
Later, when he had achieved his goal, he simply told her that he truly believed that she was pursuing pleasure as much as he did. So she was angry.
When the truth was laid bare in front of her, she developed a sense of moral guilt and was bound to accept the punishment of her conscience.
Therefore, at first she knew that the other party was speaking false flattery, but he himself carried the pressure of morality, and praised her most important virtues, which greatly satisfied her vanity.
It can be seen that if flattery is said just right, it can not only effectively achieve the goal, but also make the relationship more intimate.
No wonder Sigmund Freud, the founder of the psychoanalytic school, once saidMan can defend himself against the attacks of others, but he has no resistance to the praise of others.
In life, we must learn to distinguish between the praise of others, whether the other party is sincere or has ulterior motives, so as not to be carried away by the praise designed by others and fall into the trap of others.
The good and evil of human nature are only in a thought
Nietzsche said: ".Man is a rope between Superman and beast.
In this world, there are no pure good people, and there are no pure evil people. The human heart is unpredictable, and the good and evil of human nature may sometimes only be between a thought.
It turns out that a good-hearted person may do something terrible. People who were originally full of evil may also become Buddhas on the spot.
Luo Jia, in the eyes of friends, is a generous and kind-hearted person.
When he was in college, he used the little money he had to help a poor classmate who was suffering from tuberculosis and supported him for almost half a year.
When the classmate died, he took care of the old and weak father who died in the world, until the old man was sent to the hospital, and when the old man died, he was buried.
According to Luo Jia's landlord, he once rescued two small children from an apartment that had been **, but he himself was burned.
But with the support of his own theory, he mercilessly hacked the old woman and her innocent sister to death with an axe, and became a murderer.
The darkness of human nature is unfathomable, and the brilliance of human nature is also immeasurable.
Svidligalov, in his early years, assaulted a 14-year-old deaf and dumb girl and caused her to commit suicide by throwing herself into a river.
After marrying Marfa, he harassed Dunya, who worked as a governess in their house.
After Marfa's death, he tried to threaten Dunya with the murder of Dunya's younger brother Rodya.
At the moment when he was about to commit a crime against Dunya, Dunya took out a pistol and the first shot missed.
At the last moment, Dunya suddenly threw the gun away, and his conscience seemed to be suddenly inspired, and he let Dunya go.
After that, he arranged for Sophia's sister and brother, who had lost their parents, to place them in an orphanage, and saved 1,500 roubles in cash for each of them to use until they reached adulthood.
In the end, he said goodbye to everyone and said that he was going to America, but shot himself with the same gun that Dunia had lost. At the same time, he left a note saying that his death had nothing to do with anyone.
This reminds me of what Maugham saidHuman nature is intricate. Meanness and nobility, viciousness and kindness, hatred and love can coexist in the same human heart.
Good people sometimes do evil things, and evil people sometimes do good things. This is human nature.
Write at the end
This story portrays the arrogant Luo Jia who kills and commits crimes, the lustful and ruthless Svidligailov, the hypocritical and arrogant Lu Ren, the decadent and weak Marmeladov, and the forbearant Sophia ......
Everyone has a dark side to a greater or lesser extent, but Roja's friend Razumikhin seems to be the embodiment of Dostoevsky's beauty.
He is enthusiastic, sincere and generous, positive and optimistic, and no setbacks can discourage him, and no bad circumstances can break him, like a little sun full of energy.
He can see through Lu Ren's hypocrisy, and his analysis of the psychology of the characters in the case is the first to say, he always knows what he wants, and he is a person who lives extremely soberly.
He shows us that even if we are in the gutter, we must still have light in our hearts, be down-to-earth, love specific people, love specific lives, and let ourselves always be full of warmth and light.
No matter how complex human nature is, kindness is always the background color of life.
Let us always have good thoughts, keep the bottom line, see through human nature, and be more understanding and tolerant, as well as more sober and transparent.