In the southwest of China, once stood a tiny but resilient country – Sikkim. It has deep historical ties with the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in China, and its royal family even originated from China's own country. In modern times, however, Sikkim was invaded by the British, Indian, and Nepalese before being annexed by India in 1975. What is the history of this country?How did it fall to India?What kind of storm did the Sikkim royal family go through after the fall of the country?
Sikkim, located between China, India, Bhutan and Nepal, has a rich and complex history. The modern view is generally that the early inhabitants of Sikkim were mainly composed of the Krati, Rongpa and Lingbu ethnic groups, and their language belonged to the Tibeto-Burman language group of the Sino-Tibetan language family, which had close ties with the Tibetans in China. Some tribes in the Tibetan Plateau began to migrate to Sikkim as early as the 13th century AD, and the Guru Tashi lineage laid the foundation for Sikkim's development.
In 1642 A.D., Phhuntsok Namgyal, the fifth grandson of Gurud Tashi, was crowned Chogyal (His Homan) and unified the surrounding areas of Sikkim, reaching an agreement with the local Krati, Rongpa, and Lingbu ethnic groups to form a pluralistic and coexisting nation. Since then, Sikkim has become a local vassal of our country.
Sikkim has historically been frequently harassed by Bhutan and Nepal and has been aided on several occasions by **local**. However, in 1788 AD, the capital city of Sikkim, Radazi, was captured by the Nepalese army, and the Sikkim kingdom of Tsengnam Gyal was forced to take refuge in our country. Emperor Qianlong then sent a Qing ** army, led by generals Fukangan and Hailancha, to force Nepal to submit to the Qing Dynasty in 1791 AD, and the Sikkim regime was restored in 1793.
However, the fate of Sikkim has not changed as a result. After the British East India Company gradually mastered most of South Asia, the British began to collect taxes on the territory of Sikkim, resulting in the loss of Darjeeling and its environs in 1861 CE. In 1886, the British imprisoned the king and queen of Sikkim and invaded our region for two years. Despite the Qing and local counterforces, the British were so powerful that in 1890 A.D., Sikkim became a British protectorate and became a puppet of the British.
After the First World War, Sikkim regained its autonomy in internal affairs. However, after the end of World War II, Sikkim refused to join India in a referendum. India, however, took control of Sikkim's defense, foreign affairs, and communications under the pretext of inheriting the power of British India. In 1963, Prince Peden Dongdunanga of Sikkim ascended the throne and married an American woman, Hope Cook, as queen in the same year. Although Pedin Dong Dunangal had been trying to break free from India's grasp, the Sikkimese were bloodily suppressed during the mass anti-Indian demonstrations of 1974, and opposition to the Indian annexation was dealt a blow.
In 1973, after India's victory in the Third Indo-Pakistani War, it accelerated its annexation of Sikkim, dissolved the Sikkim Parliament, and imposed military control. Although India had lifted its military rules under international pressure, the process of formal annexation of Sikkim was initiated in 1974. The Sikkim National Party, the left-wing force of Sikkim, formed the "Rebcha People's Liberation Army" to resist, but due to the disparity in strength, the resistance lasted only 3 hours and Sikkim was officially annexed in 1975.
The last king of Sikkim, Peden Dong Dunangal, went into exile in the United States after being placed under house arrest. He had a complicated marital experience, divorcing his American wife in 1980. As early as 1950, Pedden Dong Dunangal married Sanjid Desi, the daughter of Sangpo Caiwang Rinzen in the ** region of our country. Caiwang Renzeng became a major general of the Chinese People's Liberation Army after the peaceful liberation. Sanjidesi and Pedden Don Dunanga had two sons and a daughter, but died of illness in 1957.
Pedden Dong Dunangal has always insisted that he is the rightful king of Sikkim. After his death in 1982, the throne of Sikkim passed to Sanjidsi's son, Wangchuk Tenzin Namgyal. Although his status as King of Sikkim is not internationally recognized, the royal family still does not recognize the Indian occupation of Sikkim, and the exiles of Sikkimese still regard him as the King of Sikkim and enjoy the support of some of the Sikkim people.
The history of Sikkim, from glory to fall, has witnessed the rise and fall of a country. The inheritance of the Sikkim royal family is a poignant and resilient bloodline inheritance, connecting the descendants of Chinese generals with the deep roots of this ancient land.
The ups and downs of Sikkim's history are deeply embarrassing. This article provides a detailed account of the rise and fall of the state of Sikkim and the ups and downs of the Sikkim royal family in the vicissitudes of life. From the early establishment of the Sikkim Kingdom and the ideal of coexistence of various ethnic groups, to the subsequent invasion and annexation, the twists and turns of history present a painful picture.
First of all, the establishment of the state of Sikkim has a unique and admirable blend of cultures. All ethnic groups accept each other, forming a pluralistic coexistence pattern of ethnic groups such as Cratie, Rongba and Lingbu, which have deep cultural roots with the Tibetan people in China. The establishment of the state of Sikkim not only marked the independence of this land, but also deeply connected with the vassal relations of the Chinese region. This period of history evokes the blending of ancient civilizations, and regrets that this once harmonious land has been invaded and annihilated.
Second, the invasion of the British East India Company brought Sikkim into decline. British taxation and annexation led to the fall of Sikkim in just a few years. In this process, Sikkim was invaded by Nepal and Bhutan, and the active counterattack of the Qing ** is also a commendable scene. However, in the face of the British military power, Sikkim eventually became a British protectorate, becoming its puppet. This history makes people feel the helplessness of the strong country and the weak people, and also makes people reflect on the profound lessons of history.
The fate of Sikkim in the mid-20th century was even more harrowing. Despite its attempts to refuse to join India in the 1950s, India gradually seized sovereignty over Sikkim under various pretexts, making its defence, foreign affairs and communications completely subject to India. In the 1970s, the resistance and efforts of the Sikkim royal family and the people of Sikkim failed to change the fate of India's annexation, which is a profound historical tragedy.
Finally, the legacy of the Sikkim royal family is a family history full of blood and tears. The persistence of Peden Tong Dunangal and his son Wangchuk Tenzin Namgyal, despite not being internationally recognized, maintained their self-esteem towards the King of Sikkim, reflecting a sense of adherence to history and deep affection for their homeland. Although their efforts failed to change the fate of Sikkim, the tenacious inheritance of this family history makes people sigh at the cruelty of history and the strength of the family.
Overall, the story of Sikkim's history is a sad one, with a rich culture, history, and family heritage. Through vivid narration, this article evokes readers to think deeply about history, and makes people reflect on the development of international relations today and the responsibility to maintain the independence and cultural diversity of all countries.
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