The rise of the Southern Song Dynasty and the difference between the Northern Song Dynasty Yue Fei X

Mondo Culture Updated on 2024-01-30

In May 1127, Zhao Gou ascended the throne as emperor in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) and established the Southern Song Dynasty. This event marked the end of the Northern Song Dynasty and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty. Zhao Gou was the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty and was also known as Song Gaozong. During his reign, he worked hard to restore the country's economy, strengthened the centralization of power, and successfully quelled many internal and external disturbances. Under his leadership, the Southern Song Dynasty was able to maintain stability and development for more than a hundred years.

In the early years of the founding of the Southern Song Dynasty, the country faced the threat and pressure of the Jin State, and the living environment was very difficult. During this period, the Southern Song court was anxious about the survival of the country. At this time, a group of loyal and brave people stepped forward, and they were not afraid of strong enemies and fought for the prosperity of the country and the dignity of the nation. These brave soldiers have left a deep mark in the long history of the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the military sphere,Wu Jue, Wu Ling, Yue Fei, Han Shizhong, Bi Zaiyu, Meng Hui, Yu Jueand others were all outstanding generals in the Southern Song Dynasty. They each made great achievements in the War of Resistance against Jin, and defended the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty and the peace of the people. They come from different backgrounds, some from the civilian population, some from the military, but they all have strong patriotic convictions and indomitable courage. At the time of the crisis of the Southern Song Dynasty, they quickly rose to prominence and became the mainstay of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Zhang JunAn outstanding politician and military strategist, he strongly advocated the resistance to Jin and actively promoted the military and political reforms of the Southern Song court. When the Southern Song Dynasty court was in danger, he stepped forward and led the Southern Song Dynasty military and civilians to resist. Under his leadership, the Southern Song court gradually regained its confidence and courage and began to launch a counterattack against the Jin state.

Zhao DingAn important politician and writer in the early Southern Song Dynasty, he served as the prime minister and made important contributions to the stability and development of the Southern Song court. In the War of Resistance against Jin, he actively supported the anti-war actions of Yue Fei and other generals, and personally participated in some important battles.

Wu Jie and Han ShizhongTwo famous generals in the early Southern Song Dynasty, they were known for their courage and good fighting. In the War of Resistance against Jin, they led their troops to defeat the invasion of the Jin State many times and defended the territory of the Southern Song Dynasty. Wu Jue, in particular, successfully stopped the Jin attack in the Sichuan region, buying precious time for the Southern Song court in times of crisis.

In the cold winter of the first year of Jianyan (1127), a young figure appeared in front of Zong Ze's tent. This young man is Yue Fei, who later became famous all over the world. He was expelled for speaking outright to Song Gaozong, accusing him of having a heart of peace and no ambitions. In his eagerness to kill the enemy, he led his army to meet the Jin soldiers without permission, creating a passive situation for Wang Yan, and was finally transferred to fight guerrillas.

Despite these setbacks, Yue Fei did not give up. He heard that Zongze's rebel army was brave and good at fighting, so he came to join the army, hoping to exert his strength on the battlefield. Zong Ze had long heard that Yue Fei was brave and good at fighting, and had high hopes for him. Yue Fei also did not live up to Zong Ze's expectations, and he proved his strength in several wars.

However, Zong Ze is very old, and this veteran who has gone through the battlefield has written twenty-four sincere letters to Song Gaozong, which are enough to move Mu Shi. He implored Song Gaozong to come back to boost morale and preside over the great plan of avenging the country and recovering his homeland. However, these movements were lost in the sea and received no response.

At the last moment of his life, Zong Ze called for "crossing the river" with regret, calling three times in a row. He knew that his wish could not be realized, so he could only leave this world with regrets. His departure left a huge regret and loss for the anti-gold cause.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, there were not only many brave and warlike generals in military affairs, but also many outstanding literati and thinkers.

In the field of culture, Zhu Xi, Lu Jiuyuan, Lu Zuqian, Lu You, Chen Liang, Xin Qiji and others are all outstanding representatives of the Southern Song Dynasty. They each made outstanding achievements in the fields of philosophy, literature, and poetry, and made important contributions to the cultural prosperity of the Southern Song Dynasty.

In 1127, the Northern Song Dynasty fell, Song Gaozong Zhao Gou ascended the throne, the Southern Song Dynasty was established, and the Jurchens ruled the area north of the Yellow River. In these turbulent times, Xin Qiji was born on May 28, 1140. His name "Abandon Disease" was given for him by his grandfather, which means to imitate General "Huo Quai". Under the influence of his grandfather, Xin Qiji has practiced swordsmanship diligently since he was a child, and at the age of sixteen, he has grown to more than 1.8 meters, with a strong body and a kind of masculinity.

Xin Qiji was influenced by his father since he was a child and was determined to fight against gold. When he was a teenager, he often traveled to Jinan, Zibo and other places, taking it as his responsibility to recruit loyal people and train martial arts. As an adult, he joined the rebel army led by Geng Jing and served as the chief secretary. In the army, he performed well and won the three armies.

When Xin Qiji was born, the Central Plains was already occupied by Jin soldiers. At the age of 21, he joined the Anti-Jin Rebellion and soon returned to the Southern Song Dynasty. He successively served as pacification envoy in Hubei, Jiangxi, Hunan, Fujian, and eastern Zhejiang. All his life, he fought against gold. He has been on the "Ten Treatises on Mei Qin" and "Nine Discussions", and the strategy of defending the war is stated. His lyrics tried to restore the patriotic enthusiasm of national unity, poured out the grief and indignation of the unrewarded ambition, and condemned the humiliation of the rulers at that time; There are also many works that chant the rivers and mountains of the motherland. The subject matter is broad and good at using allusions from predecessors, and the style is heavy and heroic, but there is no lack of delicate and soft places. Due to Xin Qiji's anti-gold advocacy and the political views of the ruling lord and faction, he was later dismissed and retired to Jiangxi Daihu.

Xin Qiji and Su Shi are famous representatives of the bold poetry school, and their works are bold and magnificent, and they are praised as "Su Xin". And Xin Qiji and Li Qingzhao are called "Jinan Er'an" because they are fellow villagers in Jinan, Shandong. Xin Qiji'an, Li Qingzhao, Yi'an, these two literary giants are the pride of the people of Jinan.

Xin Qiji has shown an amazing talent in writing words. His lyrics are always at his fingertips, whether it is slang or imaginary words such as "Zhihu Ye", he can skillfully integrate into the words, and there is no sense of disobedience in reading. This unique style made him stand out in the world of words.

Teacher Liu Zhan praised Xin Qiji's talent, and even thought that he might become Su Dongpo's second. However, Xin Qiji is not satisfied with this superficial praise. He has a more ambitious ambition, that is, "to make meritorious contributions, serve the country and kill thieves".

Xin Qiji's ambition made the teacher regret. Because in that era, the ideals of the literati were often contrary to reality. Xin Qiji's ambition seems to be difficult to realize in reality.

Xin Qiji's personality is fiery and he has had a dispute with Dang Huaiying. Dang Huaiying once showed weakness for some reasons, and was scolded as a "soft bone" by Xin Qiji. Dang Huaiying responded with a polite attitude, scolding Xin Qiji as a "fool". As a result, the two fought fiercely, and as a result, the 22-year-old Dang Huaiying lost to the 16-year-old Xin Qiji.

Dang Huaiying wiped the blood from the corner of his mouth, glared at Xin Qiji, and said, "You just wait to follow Yue Fei's old path!" This sentence reminded the two of them of Yue Fei's story. Yue Fei once led the Yue family army to fight across the Yellow River, and saw that there was hope of recovering the Central Plains, but he was recalled by the mediocre Song Gaozong with twelve gold medals, and after he returned, he was killed by Qin Hui in Fengbo Pavilion. Before his death, Yue Fei wrote eight words on his confession: "Every day is clear, every day is clear!" That year, Xin Qiji was just two years old.

This history deeply saddened Xin Qiji and Dang Huaiying. They realized that if they defected to the Southern Song Dynasty, they might face the same fate as Yue Fei. Therefore, they decided to stop working for the Southern Song Dynasty and look for other ways to realize their ambition to serve the country.

A person's talent and ambition are not necessarily recognized by the times. However, their unwavering faith and courage were able to keep them on their own path in the face of adversity. Their stories also remind us that history is always full of regrets and tragedies, but we should draw strength from them and strengthen our beliefs and pursuits.

The thatched eaves are low, and the grass is green on the stream. Wu Yin is good in drunk, who is white-haired? The eldest child hoes the beans in the east of Xidong, and the middle child is weaving chicken coops. The favorite child is dead, and the stream head lies on the lotus bed. —Song Xin Qiji, "Qingping Le, Village Residence".

Thousands of trees bloom at night in the east wind. More blows down, stars like rain. BMW carved cars are full of fragrance. The sound of the phoenix flute moves, the light of the jade pot turns, and the fish and dragon dance all night. Moth snow willow ** wisps. The laughter is full of dark fragrance. The crowd is looking for him. Suddenly looking back, the man was there, and the lights were dim. - Song Xin Qiji, "Qingyu Case: Yuan Xi".

The bright moon is not frightening, and the breeze chirps cicadas in the middle of the night. The fragrance of rice flowers says that there is a good year, and the sound of frogs is heard. Seven or eight stars in the sky, two or three points of rain in front of the mountain. In the old days, on the edge of the forest of the Maodian Society, the road turned to the river bridge and suddenly saw it. —Song Xin Qiji, "Xijiang Moon: Night Walk in the Yellow Sand Road".

Drunk to pick up the lamp to look at the sword, dream back to blow the horn company camp. Eight hundred miles of fire, fifty strings turned over the outside sound, and the battlefield was an autumn soldier. The horse-made Lu was fast, and the bow was like a thunderbolt. But the king of the world, won the name before and after his death. Poor white happens! —Song Xin Qiji, "Breaking the Array, Giving Strong Words to Chen Tongfu to Send It".

Where to look at China? Full of scenery Beigu Building. How many things have risen and fallen through the ages? Long. The Yangtze River is endless. Young and ten-thousand, he sat down and the southeast war did not end. Who is the opponent of the heroes of the world? Cao Liu. Giving birth to a son should be like Sun Zhongmou. —Song Xin Qiji, "Nanxiangzi Dengjingkou Beiguting Youhuai".

Zhu Xi was a famous philosopher and thinker during the Southern Song Dynasty, and his ideas of science had a profound impact on ancient Chinese philosophy. Lu Jiuyuan was a famous poet and writer in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his poetry works were full of deep concern for the country, the nation and the people. Lu Zuqian was a famous educator and scholar in the Southern Song Dynasty, and his educational ideas had a positive impact on the society at that time.

Geographical location:

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the territory of the Song Dynasty was mainly located north of Huaishui, with Kaifeng Mansion in Tokyo as its capital.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, due to the invasion and war of the Jin Kingdom, the Song dynasty moved south, and the capital was Lin'an (now Hangzhou), located south of Huaishui.

Political system:

At the beginning of the Northern Song Dynasty, the political system was mainly inherited from the Sui and Tang dynasties, but with the passage of time, it gradually formed the characteristics of the weak branch and the "law of the ancestors".

During the Southern Song Dynasty, under the influence of wars and foreign invasions, the conflicts and contradictions between imperial power and relative power increased, resulting in a more complex and changeable political system.

Economic conditions

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the commodity economy developed to a certain extent, but agriculture and handicrafts still dominated.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the commodity economy was more mature, and commercial income contributed more to the country's income. At the same time, the overseas ** in the Southern Song Dynasty has also been greatly developed.

Historical Context

The historical background of the Northern Song Dynasty can be traced back to 960, when Zhao Kuangyin launched the Chenqiao Mutiny and established the Song Dynasty. The capital of the Northern Song Dynasty was in Bianjing (today's Kaifeng), which went through nine emperors and lasted 168 years. During the Northern Song Dynasty, the rulers of the Song Dynasty tried to restore and develop China's economy and culture, and they implemented a series of reforms, such as Wang Anshi's New Deal, which effectively promoted social and economic development. However, the military power of the Northern Song Dynasty was relatively weak and could not withstand the invasion from the north.

The historical background of the Southern Song Dynasty is that in 1127, the Jin Dynasty army invaded the south and captured Tokyo, the capital of the Northern Song Dynasty Kaifeng was breached, and the two emperors of Huizong and Qinzong and the Song Dynasty were all captured. In the same year, Zhao Gou, the ninth son of Song Huizong, escaped from the sea, and after wandering for a few months, he officially ascended the throne in Yingtianfu (now Shangqiu, Henan) in Nanjing, changed the Yuan Dynasty and Jianyan, and rebuilt the Song Dynasty, which was called "Southern Song Dynasty" in later generations. Because Tokyo had been occupied at this time, and the Jin soldiers were pressing all the way, Zhao Gou went into exile in Yangzhou, Suzhou, Jiangningfu, Yuezhou and other places, and finally moved the capital to Hangzhou in 1132, and began to recuperate and develop national strength again.

Both the historical background of the Northern and Southern Song dynasties is related to the invasion of the north. The Northern Song Dynasty failed to effectively defend itself against invasion from the north, leading to the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. The Southern Song Dynasty, on the other hand, re-established and developed the Song Dynasty after exile and the relocation of the capital. Both periods had their own characteristics and challenges in terms of economy, culture and military.

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