** The Economic Work Conference proposed that we should not relax our efforts to ensure the stable and safe supply of grain and other important agricultural products. Cultivated land is an important basis for the production of grain and other important agricultural products, but China's cultivated land resources are limited, and the demand for important agricultural products will still increase, the sustainable use and protection of cultivated land are facing pressure and challenges, and it is necessary to further expand the agricultural production space. The results of the third national land survey show that the area of saline-alkali land in the country is 11.5 billion acres. According to the results of the new round of national survey and evaluation of cultivated land reserve resources, the saline-alkali land suitable for development as cultivated land in the country at this stage is mainly distributed in Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang and other provinces (regions), and this part of the saline-alkali land can be preferentially developed and utilized under the premise of ecological control. It is of great significance to carry out the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land to promote the quality, expansion and efficiency of agricultural production, as well as the sustainable development of agriculture and ensure food security.
In recent years, China has continued to promote the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land, and fully tap the potential of comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land. The "Opinions on Promoting the Comprehensive Utilization of Saline-alkali Land" issued earlier provides a solid institutional support for the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land. Jilin, Shandong, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Xinjiang and other provinces (regions) have been included in the national pilot scope of comprehensive utilization of cultivated land reserve resources such as saline-alkali land, and continue to provide support in terms of funds, technology and mechanisms to stimulate the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land in various places. At present, many valuable experiences have been explored in the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land, and some saline-alkali land treatment technology models suitable for different geographical regions, different soil types and different planting modes have been formed. For example, in some areas, a five-in-one comprehensive transformation and utilization model of saline-alkali land has been formed, which provides a "prescription" for the improvement of soda saline-alkali landIn some areas, artificial seawater suitable for the growth of different seafood products has been successfully allocated, and a comprehensive utilization model of fishery and agriculture in saline-alkali land has been explored, which has continuously highlighted the value of saline-alkali land.
China has achieved good results in the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land, but it still needs to be promoted with high quality. The comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land is a holistic, comprehensive and systematic project, involving resource investigation and evaluation, planning and co-ordination, engineering construction, project implementation and management, selection and breeding of saline-alkali tolerant crops and promotion of planting technology, ecological environment control and many other links, which require the participation of many departments such as development and reform, natural resources, ecological environment, water conservancy, agriculture and rural areas. ** should give full play to the leading role, in addition to strengthening the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land financial policy support, should also establish a saline-alkali land governance department coordination mechanism, to avoid the phenomenon of "Kowloon water control", to promote the participation in the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land departments to form a joint force of governance, improve the efficiency of saline-alkali land governance, and deal with the relationship between the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land and the rational use of water resources and ecological protection.
At the same time, it is also necessary to improve the incentive mechanism to encourage and guide state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, new agricultural operators and other multiple subjects to widely participate in the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land. It is possible to explore ways to supplement the share of cultivated land index adjustment funds and replace subsidies with awards to ensure that social capital participates in the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land to obtain reasonable profits, break the situation of relying solely on financial investment for the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land, and provide more financial support for the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land. It is also necessary to create an environment for collaborative innovation of industry, university and research, establish a collaborative innovation platform, improve the collaborative innovation mechanism, promote enterprises, universities and scientific research institutes to clarify their respective concerns and resource advantages, and establish a whole-process cooperation model from technology research and development to achievement transformation and application around the relevant fields of comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land, so as to improve the efficiency of collaborative innovation, provide solid scientific and technological support for the comprehensive transformation and utilization of saline-alkali land, and realize the transformation of scientific research achievements into real productivity. By giving full play to the strength of all parties, and comprehensively adopting engineering, agronomic, chemical, biological and other measures, the saline-alkali land will be transformed.
Effective utilization is the ultimate goal of comprehensive transformation of saline-alkali land. Through effective utilization, the main body of agricultural production and operation of planting and breeding on saline-alkali land can obtain higher income, and can also provide continuous power for the later operation and management, if it cannot bring benefits to the main body of agricultural production and operation, the saline-alkali land after transformation will be abandoned, abandoned farming, so that a large number of manpower, material and financial resources invested in the previous transformation of saline-alkali land will be wasted. In order to ensure the long-term stable utilization of the transformed saline-alkali land, a later management and protection system should be established to promote the formation of an agricultural industrial chain with saline-alkali land characteristics. Build a brand of saline-alkali land characteristic agricultural products, improve the added value of special agricultural products, turn resource disadvantages into industrial development advantages, improve the economic benefits of agricultural production and operation entities engaged in agricultural production on the transformed saline-alkali land, and stimulate the enthusiasm of agricultural production and operation entities to use saline-alkali land and manage and protect saline-alkali land, so that they can continue to plant and operate on the improved saline-alkali land.
The author is Guo Zhen, professor and doctoral supervisor of the School of Public Administration and Law, Northeast Agricultural University
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*:Economy**.