Introduction.
The Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is a period in Chinese history that lasted for more than fifty years, between the fall of the Tang Dynasty (907) and the unification of the Song Dynasty (960). This period, mediumFive short-lived dynasties emerged in the north of the country, namely the Later Liang, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han, and Later Zhou, collectively known as the Five Dynasties. In southern China, there were ten relatively small secessionist regimes, namely the Former Shu, Later Shu, Southern Wu, Southern Tang, Wu Yue, Min, Southern Chu, Southern Han, Nanping (Jingnan), and Northern Han, collectively known as the Ten Kingdoms. These regimes are independent and competing with each other, creating a complex situation. Although this period was full of chaos and upheaval, it was also an important period in Chinese history that had a profound impact on later generations.
The formation of five dynasties and ten kingdoms
The formation of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms was mainly due to the decline of the Tang Dynasty and the influence of the division of feudal towns。In the late Tang Dynasty, due to political corruption, the collapse of the military system and the influence of the Anshi Rebellion, the authority of the ** regime gradually weakened, and the military governors of the local feudal towns began to have local military and political power, and the power could be hereditary, not to obey the command of ***. This is mainly due to the collapse of the government military system in the later period of the Tang Dynasty, and the adoption of the "recruitment system", the army is under the command of the local military governor, the outside is heavy and the inside is light, resulting in the strength of the ** weak and unable to control the locality. Coupled with political corruption, he lost the ability to dominate the whole country. Localities also had economic autonomy, which eventually led to the formation of feudal towns.
The Huangchao Rebellion was the trigger for the demise of the Tang Dynasty. Huang Chao was a peasant revolt leader who led an army that swept through much of China in the last years of the Tang dynasty, dealing a fatal blow to Tang rule. The Huangchao Rebellion greatly hastened the demise of the Tang Dynasty. It further struck a blow to the power of the first strength and the local gate lord clan, so that a number of new warlords rose one after another under the banner of suppressing Huangchao and King Qin, and from then on, local separatist forces were formed.
During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the secession regimes were usually established by the Jiedu envoys who had military power, and most of them followed the old system of the Tang Dynasty politically. The new dynasty followed the old system and was a common practice adopted by the founding monarchs of many ancient Chinese feudal dynasties. However, most of the founding monarchs would build on the previous system and develop a new system that suited the status quo of the new dynasty. The secession regimes that emerged during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period were usually directly used by the old system of the Tang Dynasty.
Together, these factors led to the formation of a secessionist regime during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period.
The influence of the five dynasties and ten kingdoms of secession
The secession regime during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period aggravated political chaos. Political chaos was a distinctive feature of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms periodIt refers to the period when there were frequent regime changes, and various forces competed for the world, resulting in social instability. This state of political chaos had a great negative impact on the society at that time. First of all, the war and instability have displaced people, abandoned production, and caused great socio-economic damage. Second, political chaos has made national governance ineffective, social order is chaotic, crime rates are rising, and social security is deteriorating. In addition, political chaos led to the decline of culture and education, and many cultural treasures were destroyed or lost during this period.
However, the political chaos of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period also gave birth to new opportunities and developments. In the process of regime change, some talented and ambitious people began to emerge, and they fought for the world through war and political means, laying the foundation for the later great unification. At the same time, this period was also an important turning point in Chinese history, laying the foundation for the later Song Dynasty to unify the country.
The political chaos of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period was a complex historical event, which brought a great negative impact on the society at that time, but at the same time, it also gave birth to new opportunities and development. The history of this period is of great significance for us to understand the development and evolution of Chinese history.