Pay attention to the daily grain and oil, understand the global market dynamics, today we will take you to understand the security of China's grain production and the regional balance of economic development in the main producing areas, because the topic is relatively professional, in order to avoid unnecessary trouble, we are only open to some of the people who have a certain concern about agriculture, please understand.
China is a large country with a large population, so the food problem is relatively special, and everyone from the state to ordinary consumers has maintained a high degree of concern about the food problem. But at many levels, when we talk about food issues, most of them focus on food security, and rarely address the economic issues behind food production.
For example, one of the issues we mentioned today: the problem of income in the provinces that produce large grains.
As we all know, China has adopted a policy of low grain prices for grain consumption, with the aim of ensuring that the vast majority of the Chinese people can have enough to eat, or even eat well, and in addition to the large agricultural population, it is very difficult to make money in China by farming.
Judging from the situation in all provinces of the country, the level of economic development in most of the major producing provinces is also at a lower level, or in other words, in order to ensure grain production, there are sacrifices in economic development. In terms of grain production, this often results in "upside down grain and wealth" and "high-yield poor counties" in the main producing provinces.
This has brought a difficult choice to China's grain production and economic development: for the country as a whole, of course, it is hoped to ensure the safety of food, but for the main grain-producing provinces, it involves not only farmers who farm, but also large grain-producing counties are generally facing backward infrastructure construction, insufficient supply of public services such as education, medical care, and pension, and low quality, which cannot meet the growing needs of urban and rural residents for a better life.
In order to alleviate the financial difficulties of counties and townships, mobilize the enthusiasm of local governments to develop grain production, in 2005, the first financial department introduced a large grain production county incentive policy, from 1998 to 2002 five years of average grain output greater than 400 million catties, and the commodity volume of more than 10 million catties of counties to give incentives, fund allocation according to the amount of grain commodities, grain output, grain sowing area accounted for % of the weight, and consider regional factors to set up incentive coefficients, the implementation of "calculated to the county, allocated to the county" method.
Judging from the current statistical data, there are currently 800 large grain-producing counties in China, of which 680 counties (cities, districts) are selected from the 13 main grain-producing areas of Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Jilin, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, and Sichuan, and belong to the core areas of grain productionThe 120 major grain-producing counties (cities, districts) were selected from 11 non-major grain-producing provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) of Shanxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Chongqing, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, thus enhancing the regional grain supply capacity.
In terms of the amount of incentives, since the establishment of the incentive policy, the financial department has continuously improved the distribution method, increased the intensity of incentives, and has formed a comprehensive incentive policy system including large conventional grain-producing counties, super grain-producing counties, oil-producing counties, major commercial grain provinces, large seed production counties and "high-quality grain projects". The scale of incentive funds increased from 5.5 billion yuan at the beginning to 46.6 billion yuan in 2020700 million yuan, with a cumulative arrangement of 448.3 billion yuan. Among them, as of 2019, Heilongjiang Province has received a total of 629 reward funds0.7 billion yuan, accounting for 15 percent of the national incentive funds7%, ranking first in the country.
However, it should be pointed out that these fiscal transfers are mass transfers of state finance, while inter-provincial interest compensation is slow.
Judging from official data, the total grain output of 13 major producing areas including Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Liaoning, and Jiangsu will reach 541.71 million tons in 2023, accounting for 77% of the country's total grain output9%；Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian and other 7 main sales areas of grain output totaled 298740,000 tons, accounting for only 4 percent of the country's total grain output3%, these areas need to transfer a large amount of grain into the main producing areas to meet the stable supply.
There is a large economic gap between the main grain-producing provinces and the economically developed provinces of Guangdong, Fujian, Zhejiang, and other economically developed provinces in the main sales areas, which obviously brings risks to the development of the regional economy.
It is reported that due to the inability to clarify the compensation standards for horizontal interests between provinces, up to now, most of them have given compensation and support to grain production through production and marketing connections, cooperative investment, and targeted assistance.