On April 2, 1927, in accordance with the decision of the unlawful preparatory meeting, the Supervisory Committee convened a plenary session.
The participants consisted of 6 members, including Wu Zhihui, Cai Yuanpei, Zhang Jingjiang, Gu Yingfen, Li Shizeng, and Chen Guofu, as well as 2 leaders of the Gui Department and alternate members of the Supervisory Committee, Huang Shaohong and Li Zongren, who had just arrived in Shanghai.
*Supervisory Committee and Alternate** Supervisory Committee members are each short of 6 people, and the meeting is illegal.
However, they could no longer take care of these, and Wu Zhihui threw out a "Letter to the ** Supervision Committee Requesting Investigation and Handling of the Communist Party" at the meeting, in which Wu Zhihui divided the Kuomintang Executive Committee into three types: "purely loyal elements of the Kuomintang", "elements with suspicious attitudes", and "Communist Party elements and their followers".
He forcibly added the names of "deliberately disrupting the rear," "having more than enough for the personal domination of Borodin by Russia," and "ruining the party," and demanded that the meeting investigate and deal with the CCP and "inform the public security organs of the leading dangerous elements in various localities to the local security organs, and put them under their separate custody and stop their activities."
The meeting was dominated by the rightists, and as a result, in accordance with the method drafted by Wu Zhihui, the document was sent to the National Executive Committee.
After the meeting, Chiang Kai-shek's brother Huang Yin explained in detail to the Japanese consul general in Shanghai, Yada, Chiang Kai-shek's coup plan to "replace the Wuhan faction, seize the party headquarters, eliminate the Communist Party, and disarm the workers", which was immediately approved by Japan and other Western powers.
On April 5, Chiang Kai-shek, Li Zongren, commander-in-chief of the Left Army of the Northern Expeditionary Army, Bai Chongxi, former commander-in-chief of the Eastern Route Army and chief of the General Staff of the National Revolutionary Army, and Li Jishen, who remained in Guangzhou, held a meeting at the general headquarters of the former enemy of the Longhua North Expeditionary Army in Shanghai, and formally decided to clear the Communist Party in Shanghai.
At the meeting, several people conspired and discussed that the 2nd Division of Liu Zhi of the 1st Army would be transferred to the Zhabei area, the base camp of the Shanghai workers' pickets, to impose martial law on the whole city and prohibit all demonstrations, processions, and strikes.
In order to paralyze the people's hearts, Chiang Kai-shek also asked the military band to beat gongs and drums to send the pennant of "common struggle" to the Central Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, staging a deceptive farce.
The next day, Chiang Kai-shek ordered the closure of the Shanghai office of the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army and the blocking of any information from Wuhan.
The next day, the Shanghai Provisional Political Committee, chaired by Wu Zhihui, was established to completely replace the Shanghai Special Provisional Committee.
At this point, all the preparations necessary for the coup d'état were completed, everything was ready, and Chiang Kai-shek went to Nanjing.
On the platform of Nanjing Railway Station, all the dignitaries of the Kuomintang at all levels who had arrived first in Nanjing welcomed Chiang Kai-shek's visit in an extremely lively atmosphere.
On April 9, eight members of the Central Supervision Commission, who had already communicated with Chiang Kai-shek, issued a telegram of "Protecting the Party and Saving the Country", shouting that "the party is dead" and "the country is in disaster", and attacked Wuhan in an all-round way.
On the same day, Chiang Kai-shek officially appointed Bai Chongxi as the commander of martial law in Shanghai, and Zhou Fengqi, commander of the 26th Army, as deputy commander of martial law in Shanghai, with full authority to command the coup d'état.
On this day, a pseudo-trade union controlled by the right wing of the Kuomintang and ** occurred in Nanjing, attacking the provincial and municipal party headquarters and municipal trade unions led by the left and **.
100,000 people went to Chiang Kai-shek's headquarters**, were intercepted, and the masses and a group of communists were beaten** and killed, which became a rehearsal for a counter-revolutionary coup in Shanghai.
Immediately afterwards, Wu Zhihui and others instigated Chiang Kai-shek to dissolve the General Political Department of the National Revolutionary Army under the pretext of "being controlled by the Communists," and Wu himself became the director of the General Political Department.
On April 11, the black clouds crushed the city and wanted to destroy it, and Chiang Kai-shek had already sharpened his knife and loaded his bullets, shocking China and foreign countries and pulling China into darkness and tragedy again"412 The "Counter-Revolution **" kicked off.
That night, Du Yuesheng, a gangster and leader of Shanghai Tang, deceived Wang Shouhua, a member of the Communist Party and chairman of the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions, into his home, knocked him unconscious, put him in a sack, and dragged him to the woods in the suburbs to be buried alive.
In the early morning of 12 April, under the command of martial law commander Bai Chongxi, deputy commander Zhou Fengqi, special service chief of the Shanghai Garrison District Yang Hu, and director of the Political Department of the East Route Army Chen Qun, the 26th Army and the 2nd Division of the 1st Army, with the cooperation of the Chinese Communist Association and the Shanghai Federation of Workers' Circles, passed through the public concession and launched an attack on the headquarters of the Shanghai workers' pickets, the Municipal Federation of Trade Unions, and 14 workers' picket assembly points.
In just a few hours, all 2,700 armed workers' pickets were disarmed, and more than 300 protesting pickets and workers were killed and wounded on the spot.
On April 13, the Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions mobilized workers to hold a general strike, ** Chiang Kai-shek's treacherous act.
A part of the crowd rushed to the gate of the 2nd Division of the 26th Army near the Catholic Church on Baoshan Road**, and the army opened fire on the spot, killing more than 100 people and wounding even more.
On April 14, the Shanghai Martial Law Command forcibly disbanded the Shanghai Special City Provisional Committee and the China Relief Association, abolished the Municipal Party Department, the Federation of Trade Unions, the Women's Federation, the Federation of Students, and other organizations, and destroyed more than 70 revolutionary organizations of various kinds.
At the same time, Yang Hu and Chen Qun took specific command and began to carry out a large-scale search and arrest in the city.
Regarding the large-scale arrest, Chiang Kai-shek personally gave instructions to the two men: "Whoever can be killed, all will be killed, and it is better to kill by mistake than to misplace." ”
With this order, Yang Hu and Chen Qun became even more bold and arrogant, and ordered a reward for the capture of the Communists, "if the chief person is found, each person will be rewarded with 1,000 yuan, and each follower will be rewarded with 500 yuan."
Thousands of revolutionaries were arrested, imprisoned, tortured, and for a time the Great Shanghai was plunged into the White Terror.
In the bloody storm, on April 18, Chiang Kai-shek established the Kuomintang** in Nanjing, and issued the first order: "Strictly deal with the primary and secondary dangerous elements of the Communist Party!"”
More than 190 CCP members and Kuomintang leftists, including Borodin, Chen Duxiu, Tan Pingshan, Lin Boqu, and Deng Yanda, were all included in Chiang Kai-shek's capture list.
Jiang & Sons [Issue 23].
4.12. Arrest of revolutionaries during the coup d'état.
About the Author. Since I was a child, I liked words, and when I was a primary school student, I often used to do sample essays. During the literary youth, many articles won awards. After decades of wind and rain, his hobby has not changed, he likes to read literature and history, insists on writing, and welcomes exchanges.