The Thermidorian Party in French history rose to prominence in the midst of revolution, but its leadership did not bring unity to the French regime. The party-government dispute between the Thermidorians and the Doge marked the disintegration of French politics and further disintegrated the political forces. The establishment of the Three-Year Constitution of the Republic set the tone for the political landscape of this historical period.
The constitution provided for the establishment of two legislative bodies, the Senate and the House of 500, with elected representatives, subject to property restrictions. This provision directly placed the leadership of the country in the hands of the wealthy and propertied people, and the conservative color of the republic** was aggravated. When the Thermidorian Party came to power, it abolished the total price cap and restored the principle of economic freedom, while also resuming Catholic activities.
Although the constitution provided for the non-return of religious property confiscated during the revolution, it was clear that this was an end to the revolution on the basis of maintaining the established distribution of the revolution. The Thermidorians excluded the population from the center of power and tried to prevent the recurrence of violent political action, however, the situation developed contrary to the wishes of the Thermidorian people. Violent forces must be involved in stopping political vacillation, and without less organized popular violence, military power becomes an inevitable factor in politics, which was not considered when the constitution was first created.
The Three-Year Constitution of the Republic is a porous constitution in every sense of the word, especially considering that the Jacobins have armed the entire country. The Thermidorian Party and the Governor were inferior to their predecessors in terms of military control, which opened the door for later military intervention in politics.
With the increasing power of the military, the political situation during the period of the governor can be seen in the history of control and counter-control between the literati and the military forces. The various factions in Paris, including the Governors, the Loyalists, the Montagnards, and the Sans-culottes, failed to put each other to death. The constitution does not stipulate a subordinate relationship between them, so that the governor cannot become a strong force. Its only means of relying is the army under the authority of the executive power.
The governor's frequent use of the army to defend the interests of the bourgeoisie led to a sharp rise in prices, triggering the Yue uprising of 1795 and the Guoyue coup d'état of 1797. After the coup d'état of 1798, the military became more prominent. What the republicans oppose is not the governor himself, but the military forces that frequently use swords behind them. In each attack, the military forces played a decisive role, so that the opposition group had to wait for a legitimate occasion and manner.
By controlling the army's personnel appointment and dismissal powers, the governor skillfully influenced the movement of the army. The commander of the Rhine Corps, Pishglu, and the commander of the Sambul-Meuse Corps, Jourdan, were transferred from the battlefield at short notice and joined the ranks of the **. The commander of the Combined Italian-Alpine Army, Kellerman, despite being one of the finest military organizers in Europe, was weakened from power at the very beginning.
Through this series of personnel changes, the governor succeeded in disrupting the pattern of the main leaders of the various fronts during the Jacobin period. The rise of the Thermidorian Party and the struggle of the governor finally created convenient conditions for the military to interfere in politics.
The political situation in France is turbulent: the contradictions of the Thermidorian Party and the rise of military power.
The period of the Thermidorian Party in French history was a period of political turmoil and contradictions. The article details the rise of the Thermidorian Party and its struggle for power with the Doge, as well as the complex landscape of French politics during this period. This history not only gives people a deep understanding of the complexity of political struggle, but also shows the uncertainty and inadmissibility of human society in a period of change.
First of all, the article mentions the creation of the Three-Year Constitution of the Republic, the establishment of which marked the adjustment of the French political system. However, the shortcomings of the constitution itself prevented the redistribution of power from taking place as expected, and instead created a convenient door for the military to interfere in politics later. The instability and shortcomings of this political system make the development of the political situation even more confusing.
Secondly, the article emphasizes the economic and social impact of the Thermidorian Party's rise to power. The Thermidorian Party abolished the total price cap and restored the principle of economic freedom, which led to a sharp rise in prices. The social unrest caused by this economic policy eventually erupted in the Yue Uprising and the Guoyue Coup, which was stopped by the Governor ** through military repression. This kind of social contradiction caused by political intervention in the economy was a microcosm of the political changes at that time.
The article also mentions the power game between the Thermidorian Party and the Governor, as well as the rise of military power during this period. The governor used the army to defend the interests of the bourgeoisie, but this also created an opportunity for the military to interfere in politics. In events such as the Moon Uprising and the Guoyue Coup, the power of the military played a decisive role, which further complicated the development of the political situation. The rise of military power in this political struggle had a profound impact on the evolution of the French political system.
Finally, the article examines the means by which the governor controls the army through the power of personnel appointment and dismissal. This method of maintaining political power through the mobilization of military leadership personnel has given the governor a certain degree of flexibility in political struggles. By transferring officers of prestige and merit, the Governor succeeded in upsetting the leadership of the Jacobin army and supporting it to consolidate his power.
Overall, this portrayal of French history presents a period of political change, contradictions and conflicts. The rise of the Thermidorian Party, the struggle for power of the Governor and the rise of the military forces are intertwined to constitute a complex scene in the maelstrom of French politics. The historical lessons of this period remind us that the adjustment of political systems and social changes need to be handled more carefully to prevent the creation of power vacuums and social unrest.
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