**, an outstanding leader of the Communist Party of China, and an important promoter and participant in China's economic construction. When formulating the national economic plan, he put forward the concept of "four proportions", emphasizing the coordinated development between agriculture and industry, light industry and heavy industry, various industrial sectors, and the proportional relationship between industrial development and railway transportation. This philosophy underscores his vision and scientific thinking. At that time, most countries emphasized the development of industrialization, so the idea of agricultural development caused a lot of controversy, and some people thought that this kind of plan was too conservative and should not overemphasize agriculture.
So, what were the considerations of ** at that time?In February 1951, at the enlarged meeting of the Politburo, the strategic concept of "three-year preparation and ten-year planned economic construction" was proposed, and since then China has launched a five-year plan that is still influencing today. According to the suggestion of the Prime Minister, a group was set up to lead the preparation of the "First Five-Year Plan", which was responsible for specific affairs. However, since the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea had not yet ended, the preparation of the First Five-Year Plan was still in the preliminary stage, and it was only a rough outline.
With the successful conclusion of the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea, the First Five-Year Plan began to shift its main energy to economic construction, and the First Five-Year Plan once again became an important topic. When formulating the plan, the question of "four proportions" was raised. He believes that the economic development of any country needs to be coordinated, and specific areas cannot be developed unilaterally, and in particular, the proportion of industry and agriculture, light industry and heavy industry needs to be carefully considered. However, the emphasis on the share of agriculture has caused a lot of controversy.
Some people believe that as a socialist country, it should give full play to the advantages of socialism and vigorously develop industry, believing that only by developing industry can the development of agriculture and other industries be promoted. In their view, the spillover effects from industry are even more pronounced. After the victory of China's new democratic revolution, in the 50s of the last century, he participated in the formulation of China's first five-year plan, which was a critical period for socialist transformation and industrialization. At that time, China's agricultural production level was low, the peasants' lives were difficult, and the grain was insufficient, and agriculture became a weak link in the national economy.
Considering that China is a large agricultural country, industrialization is still in its infancy, despite its rich experience in agricultural cultivation. Although it later received help from the Soviet Union, ** believed that a large country could not rely on foreign support for a long time, and must have the ability to be independent and self-reliant in order to be invincible in future international competition. It is advocated that to achieve socialist industrialization, we must first solve the agricultural problem, ensure grain and raw materials, and lay the foundation and conditions for industrial development.
He advocated giving priority to the development of agriculture, maintaining a reasonable ratio between agriculture and industry in the process of industrialization, and realizing the coordinated development of industry and agriculture. At the same time, the industrial products that use agricultural products as raw materials account for more than 50% of the country's total industrial output value, and the vast majority of the foreign exchange required for the import of industrial equipment and construction equipment is also exchanged for the export of agricultural products. Therefore, the development of agriculture is the basic condition for ensuring the completion of industrial development and the overall economic plan. ** It is believed that improving people's livelihood is not only an economic issue, but also a major political issue, which directly affects the relationship between the party and the people.
* Emphasizing that if we focus only on industrial construction and ignore the living problems of workers and peasants, it may trigger discontent and revolt among them. Therefore, he put forward the policy of striking a balance between economic development and improving people's livelihood, and ensuring that economic development can be promoted while improving people's lives. This policy has become a guideline that must be adhered to when arranging the relationship between construction and people's livelihood, and it is also a criterion for judging whether the relationship between construction and people's livelihood is correct. At the same time, when formulating the five-year plan, it is necessary to consider both the needs of domestic economic development and the impact of changes in the international environment.
At that time, our country was facing the encirclement of the imperialist countries, and the imperialist aggressor bloc led by the United States was actively preparing for a new world war. In order to strengthen national defense, build a modern People's Liberation Army, recover Taiwan, defend the territory and fight against imperialist aggressors, we must give priority to the development of heavy industry. However, the development of heavy industry depends on the support of agriculture, so the development of agriculture has become a need to adapt to the international environment. Resources are limited, so it is necessary to properly coordinate the proportions of industry and agriculture, otherwise the neglect of either side will cause certain obstacles to the future development of the country.
Under the persistence and guidance of the First Five-Year Plan, China's agricultural production has achieved relatively rapid growth during the First Five-Year Plan period, and the output of major agricultural products such as grain, cotton, and oilseeds has increased significantly. The development of agriculture not only satisfies the people's living needs, but also provides sufficient raw materials and markets for industry, thus creating favorable conditions for the overall development of the national economy. It can be said that the persistence and dominance of agriculture during the First Five-Year Plan period was an important contribution to China's socialist construction.