Polyacrylamide powder, abbreviated as PAM, is a polymer. It is polymerized from acrylamide monomer and has the properties of water absorption and viscosity. Powdered polyacrylamide is widely used in water treatment, soil improvement, oil extraction and biomedicine.
Types and characteristics of PAM
PAM can be further divided into three types: anionic, cationic, and nonionic based on their chemical structure and properties.
1.Anionic polyacrylamide (APAM).
It usually comes in the form of a white powder.
A large number of negative ions can be released in the water, which can form a precipitate with positive ions and play a role in purifying water quality.
It is suitable for sewage treatment, drinking water purification and other water treatment industries.
2.Cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM).
Yellow to light brown powder.
A large number of positive ions can be released in water, which can form precipitation with negative ions, and has a unique flocculation effect.
It is mainly used in sewage treatment, sedimentation, dewatering, textile, paper and other industrial fields.
3.Non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM).
It is in the form of a white powder.
No electric charge, no precipitation reaction to water quality.
It is mainly used for sewage treatment and settlement in coal mines, oil fields, building materials, pulp, ceramics and other fields.
Areas of application for PAM
1.Water treatment.
It is used to purify sewage. PAM's anionic and cationic polyacrylamide can quickly remove turbidity and suspended solids from sewage through aggregation and precipitation, and improve the purification rate of water quality.
It is used for drinking water treatment. PAM can effectively remove organic matter, colloids and odorous substances in drinking water, and improve the transparency and taste of water quality.
It is used for river and lake treatment. PAM can effectively control the release of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus in water and prevent eutrophication.
2.Soil improvement.
PAM can promote the stability of soil structure, increase the stability of soil aggregates, and prevent soil erosion.
It can adsorb suspended particles and organic matter in the soil, and has the effect of water and fertilizer retention.
In crop cultivation, PAM can improve the water-holding capacity of the soil, reduce the frequency of irrigation, and save water resources.
3.Petroleum extraction.
PAM can be used as an oil product enhancement agent to improve the geological conditions of the oilfield, promote the best production and increase the production of oil wells.
In the process of oilfield water flooding, PAM can reduce the interaction force between water and oil, reduce the residual oil saturation, and improve the oil recovery rate.
4.Biomedicine.
PAM can be used as a fungal growth inhibitor to control the occurrence of crop diseases.
It can also be used as a drug carrier for controlled-release drugs and to improve the bioavailability of drugs.
PAM has broad application prospects in the field of tissue engineering and artificial organs.
Summary
Powdered polyacrylamide is an important polymer with properties such as water absorption, viscosity and flocculation. It is widely used in water treatment, soil improvement, oil extraction and biomedicine. According to their different chemical structures and properties, PAMs are divided into three types: anionic, cationic, and nonionic. By using PAM, we can improve water quality, protect soil, increase oil field production, and play an important role in the pharmaceutical field. In the future, PAM will continue to play an important role in bringing more benefits to people's lives and the environment.