Recently, all parts of the country have been cold and cold!
Even the oaks in Shenzhen.
I also put on autumn pants.
The inner and outer three layers are tightly wrapped.
A cold spell is coming.
The test of electric vehicles also comes with it.
The mileage is "shrinking", "charging is slow, and the power is fast", and even some electric vehicles cannot start normally due to low temperatures, and various conditions have become the "heart disease" of many owners in low-temperature areas.
In winter, the battery life will 'shrink'. My carNow the battery life is basically a seven-fold discountIf you drive on the highway, it may be about 5% off. On December 20, a new energy vehicle owner in Shanghai said.
The summer fast charging pile can be charged in 30-40 minutes, butIn winter, it takes about 1 hour。A new energy vehicle owner said frankly.
My car is 500 kilometers, and I used to run more than 300 kilometers a day and basically didn't need to charge it, butNow it has to be charged once a day。An electric taxi driver in Shanghai said.
Why are new energy vehicles so "afraid of cold"?
In the eyes of the industry, new energy vehicles in winter.
The main reason for the shortened range.
Lies inDegradation of battery performance
Hu Weifeng, Deputy Secretary-General of the Vehicle Networking Committee of the China Energy Research SocietyIt means that the chemical characteristics of the battery itself determine that when the temperature decreases, the electrolyte will become viscous and the lithium ion migration rate will slow down, resulting in a decrease in battery activity. At the same time, the temperature drop will also lead to a decrease in the charging and discharging power of the battery and a decrease in the available energy of the battery.
On the other hand, winter vehicles have a large proportion of additional electrical energy consumption, such as air conditioning, hot air, seat heating, and increased driving resistance in cold environments. "New energy vehicles are not like fuel vehicles, which can be heated by engine waste heat, but rely on batteries for heating, so battery consumption will increase in winter. ”
How to alleviate the anxiety of low-temperature electricity consumption in electric vehicles.
It has always been the focus of attention of car companies.
A number of industry insiders said that at present, some new energy vehicle brands are trying to alleviate low temperature anxiety through technical means, such asAdopt more efficient batteries and motors, improve thermal management systems, and increase battery rangeWait.
Some car companies will add a thermal insulation system to the battery pack, through which the temperature of the battery pack will return to the normal working temperature range, so that the power of the electric vehicle will not be greatly attenuated. ”Zhang Xiang, Dean of the New Energy Vehicle Technology Research Institute of Jiangxi New Energy Technology Vocational Collegesaid, "Most of the models above 200,000 yuan now have this kind of battery pack insulation system. ”
BYD
The northern winter is extremely cold, and the charging efficiency is slow. BYD pioneeredAll-scene intelligent pulse self-heating technology, inFor the first time in the industry, fast charging of cold cars at extremely low temperatures has been realized
In -30 extreme cold conditions, to:DENZA N7For example, the full-scene intelligent pulse self-heating technology allowsThe heating rate of the battery is higher than that of the traditional schemeIncrease by 230%.Battery full charge time30% reduction
Not only can it be self-heating when charging, but it can also intelligently start the self-heating technology in the parking and driving states to ensure the performance of the vehicle at extremely low temperatures.
Volkswagen
Volkswagen IDThe battery of the family adoptedModular design in the style of "chocolate"., the lower shell of the aluminum alloy battery pack is adoptedHoneycomb design, plusThermal management is designed as a stand-alone systemThe liquid cooling system uses high-efficiency thermal conductive adhesive, which can effectively ensure that the battery can have a normal working state in both high and low temperature environments.
Specifically, an independent thermal management system that allows the battery to be in-30 to -55The temperature of the environment, evenKeep it in working order。Even in extreme temperatures, the battery temperature can be maintained in the operating range of 15 to 30, allowing the vehicle to adapt to different vehicle environments.
The liquid cooling system, located underneath the battery pack, works efficientlyThermally conductive adhesives, letThe temperature difference between cells is kept within 3。With DC fast charging of up to 100 kW, the thermal management system ensures that the battery temperature is stable and that the battery is not overheated, ensuring that it can be charged from 30% to 80% in 30 minutes.
Tesla
Not long ago, Tesla officially released an extreme cold test**. , the team of engineers drove the Tesla directly into the Arctic Circle.
@rune over s, a car owner who lives near the Arctic Circle, mentioned that Tesla's solid and stable range is due to the industry-leading heat pump technology in the vehicle.
What is heat pump technology?
According to Lars Moray, Tesla's vice president of vehicle engineering, a heat pump is one of themAir conditioning systems that work in reverse
In layman's terms, a heat pump does not produce heat, it is just a porter of heat. Heat can be transferred spontaneously from a hot object to a cold object, but not in reverse.
That's how a heat pump worksThe flow of heat from a cold object to a hot object is "forced" in a reverse circulation manner, first obtain low-grade heat energy from the air, water or soil in nature, and then provide people with high-grade heat energy that can be used through electricity.
In the use case of electric vehicles, Tesla says that the heat pump draws excess heat from the vehicle's powertrain and uses this part of the heat to do many things, such as:Warms the cabin, saves energy, and increases range on long drives
If you want to completely solve the winter range anxiety of new energy vehicles, you still need toFurther technological breakthroughsFor example, the development of new battery materials to improve the electrochemical properties of batteries, which can still maintain good activity in low temperature environments. Explore new ways to charge, such as the battery swap mode, can also reduce the energy loss caused by charging.
In addition,Lightweight materialsDesign is also important, as lightweight plastic materials can reduce the weight of the vehicle and reduce the burden on the battery, thereby increasing the range.
In terms of policy, the relevant departments.
Technical indicators for low-temperature mileage attenuation of automobiles.
New requirements were made.
On December 11, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Finance, and the State Administration of Taxation issued a releaseAnnouncement on Adjusting the Technical Requirements for New Energy Vehicle Products for Reduction and Exemption of Vehicle Purchase Tax
The announcement adds the technical index requirements for low-temperature mileage attenuation, which is in accordance with GB T 183861 Pure electric passenger cars and N1 pure electric trucks tested in "Appendix A" in "Test Methods for Energy Consumption and Driving Range of Electric Vehicles - Part 1: Light Vehicles".The low temperature mileage attenuation rate does not exceed 35%.The energy density of the battery system can be relaxed to 95 Wh kg, and the driving range requirement for pure electric passenger cars can be relaxed to 120 kilometers.
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Materials from: Anhui Business Daily, Beijing Business Daily, China Business Network, Popular Science Times, China Popular Science Network, Central Radio Network, Xinmin Network, Hexun Network, Gasgoo Automobile, Tspace Special Space, Automobile Business Review, Banliang Finance, etc., comprehensively organized by Chinaplas International Rubber and Plastics Exhibition, **Please indicate. ）