Epidemic meningitis is an acute respiratory infection caused by meningococcal infection, which mainly invades the meninges and brain parenchyma, causing inflammation of the meninges and brain parenchyma. It has a high incidence and is particularly susceptible in immunocompromised neonates and children.
1. Epidemiology.
The disease is mainly transmitted by droplets, but it can also be contracted through contact with contaminated environments or objects. The incubation period is generally 2-3 days, with a minimum of 1 day and a maximum of 7 days. Symptoms such as headache, fever, cough, runny nose, and sore throat may occur in the days leading up to the onset of illness, but these symptoms lack specificity and are therefore easily mistaken for a cold. In the early stage of the disease, patients may have symptoms such as high fever, chills, muscle aches, nausea, vomiting, etc., and may be accompanied by malaise, drowsiness and other manifestations. As the disease progresses, patients may experience symptoms such as impaired consciousness, convulsions, coma, and even death due to respiratory failure.
Second, the principle of this disease is to use antibiotics as soon as possible to control the progression of the disease and reduce the inflammatory response of the meninges and brain parenchyma. Commonly used antibiotics include penicillins, cephalosporins, etc. For patients with severe symptoms such as high fever, chills, headache, vomiting, etc., symptomatic symptoms can be given, such as antipyretic, antiemetic, etc. For patients with symptoms such as impaired consciousness, convulsions, and coma, nursing should be strengthened to keep the airway open and prevent complications.
3. Prevention. Preventive measures for this disease mainly include the following:
1.Strengthen publicity and education: publicize the dangers and preventive measures of the disease to the general public, and improve the public's awareness of prevention and self-protection ability.
2.Vaccination: Meningococcal vaccine should be given to susceptible people, especially newborns and children, to boost immunity.
3.Enhance personal hygiene: Pay attention to personal hygiene, wash hands frequently, and avoid contact with patient secretions and contaminants.
4.Avoid close contact: Avoid close contact with sick people, especially during periods of high outbreaks, and reduce gatherings and movement of people.
5.Strengthen health care: improve the diagnosis and ** level of primary health care personnel, early detection of patients and timely **.