The history of Europe is a complex picture, as old as the Chinese civilization. However, unlike the great unification of the Central Plains Dynasty, Europe was more often in a state of **, and many small countries emerged, shaping the pattern of today's Europe. However, the battle that really decided the fate of Europe was traced back to the Treaty of Verdun in 843 and its closely related monarch, Louis I.
Louis I's father, Charlemagne, was one of the most famous emperors of medieval Europe. At the beginning of the 4th century AD, the Franks inhabited the northeastern corner of the Roman Empire. As the empire declined, the Franks seized the opportunity to expand, and Charlemagne, relying on his father's prestige, went on a crusade to build a vast empire covering all of Western Europe. He was crowned emperor by the Pope in 800, shifting the center of Europe from the Mediterranean Greek generation to the European Rhine generation. Charlemagne is known as the "Father of Europe", the equivalent of the Qin Shi Huang of Europe.
In 814, Charlemagne died and was succeeded by his only surviving son, Louis, who was honored as Louis I. He was an honest man who built an orderly court and supported the prosperity of culture and art. It was called "Louis the Pious".
However, all emperors had a common problem, and that was the partiality of their heirs. Louis had four sons, and the inheritance was traditionally inherited by the son born to his first wife. However, due to the influence of his second wife, Judith of Bavaria, Louis favored the younger son Charlie the Bald, causing the state to give four sons. This caused discontent among the other three sons, and eventually a civil war broke out.
After many disputes, in 843, the three sons reconciled, dividing the inheritance according to their father's plan during his lifetime. The Frankish kingdom was divided into three, forming three Frankish kingdoms of the middle, east, and west. This actually laid the foundations of the three states of France, the Kingdom of Italy, and the German Empire, and also carved up Switzerland, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and other places. This history not only shaped the future of Europe, but also shaped the shape of modern Western Europe.