The "research hypothesis" in the teaching topic refers to the teacher's pre-assumption of the causes, effects, and solutions of the teaching problem, which is the core and soul of the teaching topic, and is the basis for guiding the design, implementation and evaluation of the teaching topic. Therefore, teachers must clearly and reasonably put forward research hypotheses when carrying out teaching topics to ensure the scientificity and effectiveness of teaching topics.
Research hypothesis is one or several possible answers and conclusions that the researcher conceives on the research topic based on the facts and available information after selecting the topic, which is the first of the research results and the assumption of the interrelationship between the main variables involved in the topic.
An assumption or speculation about certain characteristics, phenomena, or relationships of an object of study.
Possible answers or explanations to the research question.
A prospective conclusion to be confirmed or refuted by collecting and analysing data.
The main function of the research hypothesis is to provide direction and objectives for the research, to select appropriate methods and techniques for the research, to conduct effective data analysis for the research, and to draw meaningful conclusions and recommendations for the research.
When developing research hypotheses, we should follow the following four criteria:
1.Reveal the expected relationship between multiple variables.
The assumption should be able to clearly express the expectation of association between two or more variables.
2.Provide a clear reason for the test.
When establishing a hypothesis, the researcher should clearly state why he or she thinks the hypothesis is worth testing.
3.Verifiable.
Hypotheses should be actionable so that they can be verified or refuted through empirical research.
4.Be concise and clear.
Hypotheses should be concise and clear and avoid lengthy and complex formulations to ensure their intelligibility in the study.
In any research topic, there may be multiple research hypotheses, each of which must meet all four of the above criteria. This ensures that the research is scientific and valid.
1.Sort out the problem
By sorting out the problems, the core issues that need attention are extracted from the complex phenomena.
2.Theoretical foundation, basic assumptions
Seek theoretical support, preliminarily conceive possible relationships, and form the basis for preliminary hypotheses.
3.Theoretical statements are structured
Using logical deduction, the preliminary hypothesis is further processed to make it more structural and theoretical.
4.The basic point of view is concise
Through deduction, key basic ideas are formed to provide a basis for further research.
5.Forming core assumptions
The basic ideas are refined to form the core of the hypothesis, ensuring that they are clearly and concisely formulated.
1.Hypotheses are generated based on scientific observations
Rely on scientific observations and empirical inductions to ensure that hypotheses have a basis for empirical research.
2.Hypothesis generation is based on a scientific approach to thinking
Through scientific thinking methods such as analogy, induction, and deduction, logically reasonable propositions are derived.
3.Hypotheses are formed based on a wealth of experience
Researchers should have sufficient knowledge and experience to ensure that the hypotheses formed are scientific and practical in the subject area.
When stating the research hypothesis, there should be a clear inclination, and you can choose to use a positive or negative form. The relationships between the variables involved should be actionable so that they can be observed and verified in practice.
1.Express it in a declarative sentence
The research hypothesis should be expressed in declarative sentences, rather than interrogative or imperative sentences, to reflect the certainty and certainty of the research hypothesis, such as "Can group cooperative learning improve students' English scores Xi instead of "Can group cooperative learning Xi improve students' English scores? or "Improve students' English performance through group cooperative Xi."
2.Express it in simple sentences
The research hypothesis should be expressed in simple sentences, rather than complex sentences or juxtaposed sentences, to reflect the conciseness and clarity of the research hypothesis, such as "the teacher's feedback style has an impact on the student's attitude towards learning Xi" instead of "the teacher's feedback style has an impact on the student's attitude towards learning Xi because the teacher's feedback style affects the student's self-confidence and motivation" or "the teacher's feedback style has an impact on the student's attitude towards learning Xi, and the teacher's feedback style also affects the student's learning Xi effectiveness".
3.Expressed in concrete words
Research hypotheses should be expressed in concrete words, rather than abstract or vague words, to reflect the operability and measurability of the research hypothesis, such as "the use of multi-** teaching methods can improve students' historical knowledge and skills" rather than "the use of modern teaching methods can improve students' learning Xi effectiveness" or "the use of a certain teaching method can improve students' certain abilities". Expressed in positive sentences: The research hypothesis should be expressed in positive sentences, rather than in negative sentences or rhetorical questions, to reflect the affirmation and certainty of the research hypothesis, such as "Teacher's expectations have a positive impact on students' self-efficacy" instead of "Teachers' expectations have no effect on students' self-efficacy" or "Do teachers' expectations have an impact on students' self-efficacy?" ”。
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