Lightning protection and grounding engineeringIt refers to a series of technical measures taken in order to protect buildings, power facilities, communication facilities, etc. from the hazards of lightning, mainly including lightning protection and grounding systems composed of lightning receivers, down conductors, grounding bodies, etc., as well as supporting lightning belts, lightning protection nets, lightning rods, equipotential couplings, lightning protection detection and other facilities. The purpose of lightning protection and grounding engineering is to direct the lightning current to the ground and form an equipotential with the ground, so as to eliminate or reduce the harm of lightning to people and equipment.
Lightning protection and grounding engineeringIt is of great significance in various industries, especially for high-rise buildings, power systems, communication systems, petrochemical industries, transportation, military facilities, etc., lightning protection and grounding engineering is a necessary condition to ensure its safe operation and normal operation. Lightning is a natural phenomenon, the time, place, intensity, etc. are not possible, therefore, lightning protection and grounding engineering is an active, preventive, comprehensive protective measures, can not wait until the occurrence of lightning accidents and then take emergency measures, but should be in the design, construction, operation, maintenance and other aspects of the planning, implementation, testing, evaluation and other work of lightning protection and grounding engineering, so as to improve the quality and effect of lightning protection and grounding engineering.
Dikai TechnologyPrinciples and methods of lightning protection and grounding engineering
Lightning protection and grounding engineeringThe principle is based on the Faraday cage effect, i.e., within the closed surface of a conductor, the external electric field has no effect on the inside, and the internal charge distribution is only related to the internal electric field. Therefore, if a building or facility is surrounded by a conductor, the potential of its interior and exterior can be equal, thus avoiding voltage differences and current surges caused by lightning. This conductor is the lightning protection grounding system, its function is to direct the lightning current to the ground, so that it forms an equipotential with the ground, so as to eliminate or reduce the harm of lightning to people and equipment.
There are mainly the following methods of lightning protection and grounding engineering:
- Direct Grounding:That is, the grounding body is directly buried in the ground, forming a good contact with the ground, suitable for areas with low soil resistivity, the form of the grounding body has round steel, angle steel, steel pipe, steel plate, etc., and the length, spacing, and buried depth of the grounding body should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
- Horizontal Grounding:That is, the grounding body is laid horizontally at a certain depth underground, forming a good contact with the ground, suitable for areas with high soil resistivity, the form of the grounding body has flat steel, round steel, copper wire, copper strip, etc., and the length, width, buried depth, etc. of the grounding body should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
- Vertically:That is, the grounding body is vertically driven into a certain depth underground, forming a good contact with the ground, suitable for areas with high soil resistivity and deep strata, the form of the grounding body has round steel, angle steel, steel pipe, etc., and the length, diameter, and depth of the grounding body should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
- Mixed Ground:That is, different forms of grounding bodies are used in combination to improve the grounding effect, suitable for areas with uneven soil resistivity or complex terrain, and the form, quantity, location, and connection mode of grounding bodies should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
Construction and testing of lightning protection and grounding projects
The construction of lightning protection and grounding engineering should follow the following principles:
Before construction, a detailed survey and measurement should be carried out to determine the location, quantity, specification, and burial method of the grounding body, prepare the construction plan and construction drawings, and prepare materials, tools, tools, etc.
During the construction, it should be operated in accordance with the design requirements and construction specifications to ensure the quality and reliability of the grounding body, pay attention to prevent damage to the galvanized layer, do a good job of anti-corrosion treatment, clean up the site in time, and do a good job of safety protection.
After construction, the grounding resistance should be tested and evaluated, appropriate test instruments and methods should be used, test data should be recorded, test results should be analyzed, and whether the grounding effect should meet the design requirements and specification requirements.
After the construction is completed, the acceptance should be carried out, the construction records, test reports, acceptance reports and other relevant materials should be submitted, and the acceptance should be carried out in accordance with the prescribed procedures and standards.
The detection of lightning protection and grounding engineering should follow the following principles:
Before testing, detailed investigation and preparation should be carried out to understand the structure, parameters, and location of the grounding system, select appropriate testing instruments and methods, formulate testing plans and testing diagrams, and prepare testing equipment and tools.
During the test, the operation should be carried out in accordance with the testing plan and testing specifications to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the detection, pay attention to prevent interference or damage to the grounding system and other facilities, record the detection data in time, and do a good job in safety protection.
After the test, the analysis and evaluation of the test data should be carried out, and the appropriate analysis methods and evaluation standards should be used to judge whether the performance and status of the grounding system meet the design requirements and specification requirements.
After the test is completed, a report should be made, and the test data, analysis results, evaluation opinions and other relevant materials should be submitted, and the report should be made in accordance with the prescribed format and content, and if there are any problems or suggestions, feedback should be given in a timely manner.
Products and technologies of lightning protection and grounding engineering.
The products of lightning protection and grounding engineering mainly include the following categories:
- Grounding Body:It refers to the conductive object buried in the ground and in good contact with the ground, which is used to guide the lightning current into the ground, and its forms include round steel, angle steel, steel pipe, steel plate, flat steel, copper wire, copper strip, etc., and its specifications, quantity, location, etc. should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
- Down Leads:It refers to the conductive line connecting the flash connector and the grounding body, which is used to conduct lightning current, and its forms include flat steel, round steel, copper wire, copper strip, etc., and its specifications, laying methods, and connection methods should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
- Flash Receiver:It refers to the conductive object installed at the highest point of the building or facility or around it, which is used to attract lightning current, and its forms include lightning rods, lightning belts, lightning nets, etc., and its specifications, quantities, and locations should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
- Equipotential bonding: refers to the grounding system and other metal facilities or pipelines to connect them, so that they form an equipotential, so as to avoid the potential difference and current impact caused by lightning, and its forms include metal connectors, metal lines, metal pipes, etc., and its specifications, quantity, location, etc. should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
- Lightning Detection:It refers to the equipment and systems used to monitor and evaluate the performance and status of the grounding system, including grounding resistance tester, grounding resistance monitor, lightning current detector, lightning current monitor, etc., and its specifications, quantity, location, etc. should be determined according to the design requirements and site conditions.
How do the products of lightning protection and grounding engineering achieve the purpose of lightning protection?The main aspects are as follows:
The grounding body is the foundation of the lightning protection and grounding system, which provides a low-impedance channel, so that the lightning current can enter the ground smoothly, thereby eliminating or reducing the harm of lightning to people and equipment.
The down conductor is the bridge of the lightning protection and grounding system, which connects the lightning receiver and the grounding body, conducts the lightning current, so as to eliminate or reduce the harm of lightning to people and equipment.
The lightning receiver is the forefront of the lightning protection and grounding system, which attracts lightning current, thereby eliminating or reducing the harm of lightning to people and equipment.
Equipotential bonding is the guarantee of lightning protection and grounding system, which eliminates the potential difference between different metal facilities or pipelines, thereby eliminating or reducing the harm of lightning to people and equipment.
Lightning protection detection is the guarantee of lightning protection and grounding system, which monitors and evaluates the performance and status of the grounding system, so as to find and deal with problems in time and improve the quality and effect of lightning protection and grounding engineering.
In short,Lightning protection and grounding engineeringIt is an important lightning protection measureIt is detected by grounding body, down conductor, flash receiver, equipotential bonding, and lightning protectionand other products, to achieve the purpose of directing the lightning current to the ground, so that it forms an equipotential with the ground, so as to eliminate or reduce the harm of lightning to people and equipment. Lightning protection and grounding engineering is of great significance in various industries, and reasonable principles and methods should be adopted according to the design requirements and site conditions to carry out standardized construction and testing to ensure the quality and effect of lightning protection and grounding engineering.