In Zhang Zuolin's Feng army, there is a famous general named Guo Songling, who is burly, white, and looks quite like a "foreigner", so he is nicknamed "Guo Devil". However, this "Guo Devil" is not just an appearance, he has performed well in the army, is good at commanding operations, and is also an excellent instructor, which has had a profound impact on Zhang Xueliang. In Zhang Zuolin's army, Zhang Xueliang's recognition of Guo Songling can almost be described as "another self", and Zhang Zuolin's importance to Guo Songling is also obvious. However, despite this, Guo Songling finally rebelled against Zhang Zuolin, why?
Guo Songling rebelled mainly because he believed that Zhang Zuolin was unfair in the distribution of rewards. Within the Feng army, there are two major factions, one is the old faction, including Zhang Zuoxiang, Tang Erhu, Sun Liechen and others;The other faction is the new faction, which is divided into the non-commissioned officer faction and the Lu faction, and the group led by Guo Songling belongs to the Lu faction. Although Guo Songling performed well in the Second Zhifeng War, he did not receive his due place in the post-war awards, especially compared to other generals with less meritorious service. Guo Songling was extremely dissatisfied with this, and at the same time, he was also tired of Zhang Zuolin's favoritism towards Yang Yuting.
In Guo Songling's view, Zhang Zuolin was too indulged in the civil war and turned a deaf ear to the contradictions within the country, which made him deeply disgusted. What made him even more sad was that Zhang Zuolin actually cooperated with the Japanese and purchased a large number of ** to prepare for war with the Southern Revolutionary Army and Feng Yuxiang's troops. This made Guo Songling intolerable, and he hoped that Zhang Zuolin would abandon his status as a warlord and join the revolutionary torrent, but Zhang Zuolin's general policy failed to meet Guo Songling's expectations.
Guo Songling's patriotic feelings have a long history, he was exposed to the ideas of the League as early as he was young, and was influenced by Fang Shengtao, a member of the League, and ignited the fire of patriotism. He opposed Zhang Zuolin's indulgence in the civil war and was deeply dissatisfied with Japan's compromise. In 1925, Guo Songling learned of Zhang Zuolin's cooperation with Japan during his inspection in Japan, which further stimulated his rebellious determination.
In Guo Songling's contact with Feng Yuxiang and others, he formed an anti-Feng army. However, the plans for the rebellion were not all smooth sailing. Feng Yuxiang and Li Jinglin's remorse put Guo Songling in a predicament, but things have come to this point, and Guo Songling can only persevere. In the telegram, Guo Songling put forward three major proposals: opposing the civil war, demanding that Zhang Zuolin go into the field and punish the generals who supported the war, and supporting the reform of the three eastern provinces led by Zhang Xueliang. However, the rebellion did not receive sustained support from Feng Yuxiang and others, which ultimately led to Guo Songling's defeat.
The main reasons for Guo Songling's rebellion can be summarized as dissatisfaction with unfair distribution, dissatisfaction with Zhang Zuolin's political stance and military style, and the influence of Feng Yuxiang and others. The whole incident ended in failure, and Guo Songling's rebellion gradually collapsed under the influence of multiple factors.