In terms of destroying the enemy, some people think that it is the four fields that launched the Liaoshen Campaign, and some people think that it is the main force of the three fields in the Huaihai Campaign, butAccording to the statistics provided by the statistics of the combat history of the various field armies of the People's Liberation Army, the first to destroy the enemy is the second field, which has been drilling ravines for a long time and is responsible for containing the enemyWhy is that?
In August 1945, the communist army that had just arrived in the northeast had not yet established a solid base area, and the equipment was insufficient, coupled with the large-scale disturbance of the bandit puppet army, the morale of the troops was greatly affected.
"No party, no masses, no political power, no food, no funds, no medicine, no clothes, shoes and socks......”
The Northeast Group of the Kuomintang Army is composed of a large number of elite soldiers who survived the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, has sophisticated weapons and equipment, and its morale is booming.
Taking into account the current situation, the CCP quickly adjusted its strategy, from the original "monopolizing the Northeast" to "getting out of the way and occupying the two compartments".
After three years of development, with the support of the people of Northeast China, the Northeast Field Army has rapidly expanded from about 110,000 to more than 700,000 people, and the total armed force has reached 1.05 million with the addition of local troops.
Although the Kuomintang had 4 corps of 550,000 people, it was divided into three disconnected areas, Changchun, Shenyang, and Jinzhou, and there was even less unity of opinion among them.
During the offensive and defensive battle of Jinzhou, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Wei Lihuang to send troops from Shenyang to support Jinzhou, but Wei Lihuang refused to accept it, believing that the real purpose of the People's Liberation Army besieging Jinzhou was to encircle the point and send troops to help, and the troops would be surrounded and annihilated.
On October 1, 1948, Dongye successively occupied Yixian, Gaoqiao, and Suizhong counties, divided the 150,000 men of Fan Hanjie's Sixth Corps in Jinzhou, Jinxi, and Shanhaiguan, and blocked Jinzhou Airport, leaving Jinzhou isolated.
Chiang Kai-shek, who knew the news, was anxious, and in order to protect the 500,000 elite troops in the northeast, he forcibly ordered the main force in the Shenyang area to form the "Western Advance Corps", and then transferred 11 divisions from North China and Shandong to form the "Eastern Advance Corps" to attack the Northeast Field Army besieging Jinzhou in the east and west.
On October 5, the "front-line command" of Dongye held a military meeting to draw up a specific plan for the general attack on Jinzhou and reinforcements.
The Fourth Column, which was in charge of the blocking battle, immediately built fortifications and dug trenches, bunkers, and bunkers after arriving at the scene, which were quickly destroyed under the indiscriminate bombardment of the Kuomintang Air Force, Navy, and Army Artillery.
Under Chiang Kai-shek's strict orders, the Kuomintang troops attacked the Tashan position like crazy, and the PLA defense line was under unprecedented pressure, and the most critical position had changed hands nine times.
The Fourth Column tried their best to defend, because they knew that once Tashan was lost, the Kuomintang "Eastern Advance Corps" would pour in like a tide within an hour and approach Jinzhou.
At 10 o'clock on October 14, Liu Yalou issued an order for a general attack, and 500 artillery pieces bombarded the predetermined targets in Jinzhou City, and after eight hours of fighting, the People's Liberation Army conquered Jinzhou.
After Jinzhou was conquered, the internal contradictions of the Kuomintang were not alleviated in the slightest, and Chiang Kai-shek and Wei Lihuang still maintained different opinions on the operational policy, and Chiang Kai-shek proposed that the main force of Shenyang be transferred to recover Jinzhou, and that the Shenjin line and Fu Zuoyi's troops should support each other.
Wei Lihuang insisted on sticking to Shenyang, and when the time was ripe, he would open up the connection between the various points, and Chiang Kai-shek immediately changed his generals and sent Du Yuming to command the overall situation.
Du Yuming also felt that the possibility of recovering Jinzhou was extremely small, and did not accept Chiang Kai-shek's order, at this time Liao Yaoxiang called from the front line and asked to retreat, and when they were arguing, the People's Liberation Army outflanked Liao Yaoxiang's corps like a tide.
On November 2, the Liaoshen Campaign ended, and the Northeast Field Army annihilated a total of 47 Kuomintang troopsMore than 20,000 people, the largest number of enemies destroyed in the history of the war.
In March 1949, the Northeast Field Army was reorganized into the Fourth Field Army of the People's Liberation Army, according to the statistics of the history of the four field wars, during the four-year war of liberation, the four fields annihilated 1.88 million Kuomintang regular troops and 1.35 million Kuomintang bandit armed forces, a total of 3.23 million people.
The Liaoshen Campaign in Northeast China was in full swing, and a new military contest in the Huaihai region with Xuzhou as the core was about to begin.
Compared with the Liaoshen and Pingjin Campaigns, the People's Liberation Army (PLA) was at a disadvantage in the Huaihai Campaign, and the key to victory lay in the fact that the Central Military Commission dynamically adjusted its strategic policy, and the Huaihai General Front Committee adjusted its strategy to deal with the Kuomintang army at any time in accordance with the principle of "the enemy changes and we change."
In this campaign, the PLA concentrated 600,000 troops against 800,000 Kuomintang troops, and the main force of the PLA was composed of more than 400,000 troops from 16 columns and four brigades of the East China Field Army and 200,000 people from seven columns and four brigades of the Central Plains Field Army.
The focus of the first stage of the campaign was to concentrate superior forces to eat Huang Baitao's corps in a prominent position, complete the intermediate breakthrough, and divide and encircle Liu Zhi's group.
In mid-to-late October 1948, Su Yu drew up a detailed battle plan and telegraphed to the **Military Commission in accordance with the deployment of the ** Military Commission.
On November 6, Nakano arrived in the Shangqiu area after liberating Zhengzhou and capturing Kaifeng, and fought with the main force of Huaye.
On the 8th, when the Kuomintang Huang Baitao Corps, which had fled to Xuzhou, was spreading along the canal, He Jifeng and Zhang Kexia, deputy commanders of the Kuomintang Third Appeasement Zone, and underground party members led two divisions of the 59th Army and one and a half divisions of the 77th Army to revolt in the Jiawang and Taierzhuang areas.
The Shandong Corps of the People's Liberation Army saw the opportunity to resolutely move south, and cooperated with the rebel troops to cut off the retreat route of Huang Baitao's corps to flee westward.
At the same time, Huaye's columns approached the enemy from the east, south, and north, boldly interspersed between Huang Baitao's corps and the enemy in Xuzhou, and surrounded Huang Baitao's corps in more than 20 villages centered on Nian Zhuang.
At this time, Huang Baitao still relied on the original fortifications to resist stubbornly, and in the face of a strong enemy, the Huaye columns did not attack or attack hard, they turned the movement war into a positional attack, and the enemy compared patience and toughness.
From the evening of the 16th to the dawn of the 22nd, more than 120,000 people from the five armies of the enemy's Seventh Corps were completely annihilated.
In order to ensure the smooth progress of the PLA's southern front to encircle and annihilate the Huang Wei Corps, all of Zhongye and the first part of Huaye concentrated their superior forces to block Qiu Qingquan and Sun Yuanliang's corps in Xuzhou south of Xuzhou and north of Bengbu, causing them to completely lose their mobility and ensure the progress of the main battlefield of Huaye's main force.
In December, Su Yu ordered the adoption of the tactics of attacking from three sides and blocking on one side, and surrounded Huang Wei's corps and Du Yuming's group in the vicinity of Chenguanzhuang, Li Shilin, and Qinglongji.
Judging from the entire battlefield, the PLA is at a disadvantage, but through the method of mobile warfare, it can form a battle in a local area in which the PLA fights more and fights less, thus ensuring the final victory of the Huaihai Campaign.
On January 10, 1949, the Huaihai Battle was victorious, and about 55 elite troops of the Kuomintang were annihilated50,000 people, creating a miracle in the history of Chinese warfare, Stalin wrote in his notebook that day: "600,000 victory over 800,000, miracle!."Miracle!”
In the same year, the East China Field Army was renamed the Third Field Army, and a total of 2.47 million enemies were annihilated in the four-year Liberation War.
After the victory of the three major battles, the Kuomintang forces north of the Yangtze River collapsed, and the remaining troops retreated to southern and southwestern China, and about 450,000 people of the 37 Kuomintang armies were assembled in the southwest, and Chiang Kai-shek tried in vain to rely on these remnants to divide the southwest.
In May 1949, ** made a decision:"Erye should prepare to march west with the main force or the whole army in two months, and manage Sichuan, Guizhou, and Kang. ”
In the early stage of the Liberation War, it was mainly responsible for containing the Kuomintang in a roundabout way, such as advancing thousands of miles into the Dabie Mountains, approaching Nanjing and Wuhan to threaten Chiang Kai-shek at close range, and in the middle stage, it was to respond to the Huaihai Campaign in Sanye and cooperate with Siye to launch the Guangdong Campaign.
Under the instructions of ***, after discussion and discussion by the former committee of the second field, it was decided to march to the southwest in November.
The 5th Corps of the 2nd Field Corps and the 10th Army of the 3rd Corps were the left wing troops, and after attacking Guizhou, they approached Bijie and Zunyi, cut off the avenue for the enemies in Sichuan to retreat to Guizhou, and then attacked the south of Sichuan, implementing the strategy of great detour and outflanking.
In order to achieve this goal, when the Fifth Corps quietly moved to Xiangxi, Li Jingquan led the Eighteenth Corps to create a great momentum in northern Sichuan, mobilized troops to detour to the Qinling Mountains, and from time to time feinted to attack the Qinling defense line, with a posture of attacking Sichuan from northern Sichuan, and contained Hu Zongnan's main force in the Qinling Mountains.
Siye stepped up the encirclement and annihilation of Bai Chongxi's troops on the front line of Hunan and Guizhou, creating conditions for the main forces of the Second Field to covertly gather in Xiangxi to carry out an unexpected attack on Guizhou.
On 3 November, under the command of the Erye General Headquarters, the main force of the Erye suddenly launched a multi-channel attack on the enemy in a section about 500 kilometers wide from Badong, Hubei Province in the north to Tianzhu, Guizhou Province in the south, and immediately disrupted the enemy's entire southwest defensive and operational deployment.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek woke up like a dream and urgently ordered Huzong to quickly withdraw south from Qinling and other places, organize a defense in the Chengdu area or break through to Xikang and Yunnan to escape.
At the same time, the operation of Erye to liberate Chongqing is also about to start, and on the 27th, the Kuomintang carried out a terrifying ** in Chongqing's Dregs Cave and Bai Mansion, in view of this, Erye's general command issued an operational deployment in Chongqing on November 30.
"Use the strength of 5 divisions to continue to annihilate and sweep away the enemy fleeing towards Mudong and Chongqing;Cross the river with 4 divisions and control the north bank of the river. ”
In early December, Chiang Kai-shek fled from Chongqing to Chengdu by plane, and the next day the People's Liberation Army occupied the city and held a grand ceremony to enter the city.
In late December, about 300,000 men from seven corps, including Hu Zongnan, who had gathered near Chengdu, had lost their morale.
"Hu Zongnan has no fighting spirit, now it is like a lost dog panicking, our army's pursuit phase has ended, but we still need to pay attention to the current enemy, we must know that it is by no means one or two charges can be annihilated, the second field must be very cautious, strictly guard against the enemy. ”
With a powerful military offensive and political offensive measures, Hu Zongnan's remaining troops collapsed, or were annihilated or rebelled, and Hu Zongnan himself fled from the air with a small number of remnants of the defeated army.
In 57 days and 1,500 kilometers, Erye wiped out about 900,000 troops such as Hu Zongnan of the Kuomintang, including more than 400,000 captives and uprisings, drawing a successful end to the majestic Liberation War.
According to statistics, the Second Field Army annihilated 2.3 million regular Kuomintang troops and local troops, and 1 million Kuomintang bandit armed forces, destroying a total of 3.3 million enemies, ranking first among all field armies.
The number of enemies destroyed can only show how much the unit is facing the enemy, the real combat effectiveness of a unit is related to many factors, and the level cannot be determined solely by the number of enemies destroyed
In April 1950, when the liberation of the whole country was nearing the end and the situation was stabilizing, there was a contradiction between the huge military expenditure and the economic construction of New China, and the CCP decided to streamline and reorganize the army.
According to the proposal of the acting commander-in-chief, at that time, except for the mission of attacking Taiwan in Sanye, all other field armies and corps were cancelled and merged with the large military regions and provincial military districts.
At this time, the Korean War broke out, and the work of streamlining and reorganizing the whole army was not complete as planned, and some of the troops were expanded.
Several field army numbers were officially abolished in April 1955, and according to the Ministry of National Defense's "Several Decisions on the Redivision of the Whole Region," the six military regions of Northeast China, North China, Northwest China, East China, Central South and Southwest China were reclassified into 12 military regions.
Under the leadership of the ** Central Military Commission, all major military regions are responsible for leading, commanding, and managing the field armies, provincial military districts, and local armed forces within their respective military regions.
At the beginning of April 1955, the Nanjing Military Region was established, and the names of the East China Military Region and the Third Field Army were cancelled.
In mid-April, the Guangzhou Military Region was established, and the numbers of the Central South Military Region and the Fourth Field Army were cancelled.
At the end of April, the Chengdu Military Region and the Lanzhou Military Region were established, and the numbers of the Southwest Military Region, the Second Field Army, the Northwest Military Region, and the First Field Army were abolished.