I accidentally saw the epitaph of the Qing people of the two parties, Chai Guili and Chai Jifeng are father and son, and they are from Lilian Village in the north of Taiping County (now Xiangfen County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province), and they have successively hired many wives and buried with many wives.
I was surprised by the chance of their wife dying, so I recorded it.
I found that I turned over a lot of epitaphs, and I didn't feel anything when I saw the third and fourth marriages of the Zhizhu, not the fifth or seventh marriage, and I didn't feel unusual. From the phenomenon of men marrying more in ancient times, we can get a glimpse of the high frequency of early death of women in ancient times, which is really a bit shocking.
Getting back to the point, the first Zhi Zhu Chai Guili (1734-1819), the same word, the number Linchi, Zu Chai Keyang;Father Chai Benzhu.
Chai Guili was born on the 10th day of June in the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734) and died on the 3rd day of November in the 24th year of Jiaqing (1819) at the age of 86.
He married a total of three wives:
Yuan Pei Li (1734-1787), the granddaughter of Li Youli of Nanjiazhuang, was born on the 23rd day of the first month of the 12th year of Yongzheng (1734) and died on the 7th day of the first month of the 52nd year of Qianlong (1787) at the age of 54.
He was born on September 12, 1738, 1738, and died on the eighth day of September in the third year of Jiaqing (1798), at the age of 61.
and then with the surviving Liu, she is the eldest sister of Liu Zhi of Qu Li Zhuang.
According to Chai Jifeng's age and the marriage age of the Ming and Qing dynasties (16 to 20 years old), it can be inferred that Chai Guili probably married Li of the same age when Qianlong was 16 or 7 years old, and had a son Chai Jifeng at the age of 19.
The first marriage lasted about 35 years, 54-year-old Chai Guili lost his wife, and after a year of mourning for his deceased wife, Chai Guili married his second wife Li, who was 4 years younger than him.
According to the fifty-third year of Qianlong (1788), Li is also 51 years old, so she should be a widow.
The second marriage lasted about 10 years, the 61-year-old Li died, the 65-year-old Chai Guili lost his wife again, served another year of mourning, and remarried the unknown age Liu as his stepwife in the fourth year of Jiaqing (1799), and the Liu family was probably not the first marriage.
The third marriage lasted 20 years, until the 86-year-old Chai Guili died, and Liu became a surviving person.
Chai Guili, who has three marriages, has two sons and a daughter, both of whom were born to the Yuan family and the Li family, and the eldest son Chai Jifeng (name Chai Wei), that is, the other party's epitaph. The second son, Chai Qifeng (known as Chai Jiang), gave his heir (succession) to his uncle Chai Guixiu as his son. The daughter married Liu Dengyun, the son of Liu Qihui of the village.
The second Zhizhu Chai Jifeng (1753-1810), the word Chaoyang, the number Ruifeng. He was born on February 21 of the 18th year of Qianlong (1753) and died on November 12 of the 15th year of Jiaqing (1810) at the age of 58.
He lived 28 years less than his father, but he married two more wives than his father, and married five times.
Yuan Pei Li (1752-1771), the daughter of Li Cong of Beixi Jiazhuang, was born on the eleventh day of the first month of the seventeenth year of Qianlong (1752) and died on the ninth day of the second month of the thirty-sixth year of Qianlong (1771) at the age of 20.
Succeeded by Li Shi (1757-1781), the daughter of Li Tianxi of Beixi Jiazhuang, she was born on May 13 of the 22nd year of Qianlong (1757) and died on the 26th day of the first month of the 46th year of Qianlong (1781) at the age of 25.
He was succeeded by Zhang (1765-1789), the daughter of Zhang Xianren of Dongzhangzhuang, born on March 19 of the 30th year of Qianlong (1765) and died on May 28 of the 54th year of Qianlong (1789) at the age of 25.
He was succeeded by Liu (1767-1794), the daughter of Liu Yufu of the Honzhuang, who was born on October 15 of the 32nd year of Qianlong (1767) and died on the fourth day of July in the 59th year of Qianlong (1794) at the age of 28.
and then with the surviving Niu family, the daughter of Niu Ziyu of Dongniu Village.
Chai Jifeng married five wives and had two sons (from the family tree, the third son Chai Shuxun passed to his younger brother Chai Qifeng), and the eldest son Chai Shude was born by the successor Li. The second son, Chai Shurong, was born by his fifth wife, Niu.
Chai Jifeng was 1 year younger than Yuan and Li, and may have been married around the 35th year of Qianlong (1770), less than a year after marriage, and Li, who had not yet given birth, died, perhaps due to dystocia
Chai Jifeng, who lost his wife, was only 19 years old, and married his stepwife Li who was 4 years younger than him, even if he remarried at the age of 20, Xiao Li was only 16 years old, and it must be his first marriage.
The second marriage lasted 9 years, Xiao Li died at the age of 25, and Chai Jifeng, who lost his wife again, was only 29 years old.
He married Zhang, who was 12 years younger than him, and got married around the forty-seventh year of Qianlong (1782), and Zhang was 18 years old, most likely the first marriage. The marriage lasted seven years, and Zhang died at the age of 25.
Chai Jifeng, who lost his wife for the third time, was 37 years old, and continued to marry his fourth wife Liu, who was 14 years younger than him, probably married in the 55th year of Qianlong (1790), Liu was 23 years old, and he was not sure whether he was married for the first time, maybe a young widow, or maybe a leftover girl.
This marriage lasted only 5 years, and the 28-year-old Liu also died, and the 42-year-old Chai Jifeng became a widower once. Then in the 60th year of Qianlong (1795), he married his fifth wife, Niu.
Niu's age is unknown, whether she was married for the first time is unknown, but judging from the fact that she gave birth to Chai Shurong, the second son of Chai Jifeng, (the third eldest Chai Shuxun may also be born to her), her marriage age will not be too large, at least in the reproductive period. This marriage lasted 15 years, which was the longest of Chai Jifeng's five marriages.
Chai Jifeng was 58 years old when he died, and his 76-year-old father Chai Guili was still alive and had only entered his third marriage for a few years.
After his death, Chai Guili was buried with the Yuan and Li and the Li family. Chai Jifeng was buried with the four wives of Yuan and Li, Li, Zhang, and Liu.
It is surprising that both of them have had many marriages, but Chai Guili's son Chai Qifeng also married four wives, namely the daughter of Jia Shifa of Yuan and Xun Dongzhuang, the daughter of Guo Tisheng of Dongzhangzhuang, the daughter of Lu Zhiti of Nanjiazhuang, and the daughter of Liu Hong of Dachaizhuang.
There is also Chai Shude, the eldest son of Chai Jifeng, who has also married twice at the time of Chai Guili's death, Yuan is the daughter of Zhang Pengfei of Xiaozhangzhuang, and the daughter of Guo Zhongyue of Nanjiazhuang. One of his sons, Chai Qin, and a daughter, were all born to the Yuan and Zhang families, but the genealogy records that Chai Qin was the son of Chai Shurong and was succeeded to Chai Shude.
It is said that the monkey who has seen the two epitaphs is dumbfounded, and can't help but wonder if this feng shui is not good for the hostess, the frequency of this wife loss is too high, right?Of course, the level of medical care in ancient times was indeed too backward.
From the content of the chronicles of Chai's father and son, it can be seen that Chai Guili started in business, and he was a person who "saw far-sightedness and planned in detail", so "the business of Mao Qian is growing day by day, and it is doubling over the front" and becoming a rich man.
He himself remarried as a widow, but when his son Chai Jifeng remarried, he remarried several times and was mostly the first-married daughter of a good family, which shows the blessing of the family on marriage.
The woman's family doesn't mind whether the man is married or has children, as long as he thinks that the man is a good son-in-law, he will marry the unmarried girl, as for how to judge this "good", it is not judged by the married woman, but by the family of the married woman.
Epitaphs can not only supplement the lack of historical materials, but also see a lot of ancient etiquette knowledge, such as the epitaph of Chai's father and son, although it has nothing to do with major historical events, but it can also allow people to understand funeral customs from the chronicles.
Like Chai Guili's Zhiwen, the signature is actually the eldest grandson Chai Shude, and the Zhiwen is written "Bearing Sun Chai Shude", and his younger brother Chai Shurong and son Chai Qin are behind him.
Chai Shude's uncle Chai Qifeng father and son are written as "surrender Zi Chai Qifeng" and "surrender Sun Chai Shuping", ranking behind the grandson of the long house, why is the grandson in front and the son in the back?What does it mean to surrender to the son and the grandson?
Because Chai Guili's eldest son Chai Jifeng died early, Chai Shude, who is the eldest grandson, wants to take the role of his father and is a "bearing grandson".
According to the Ming and Qing dynasties, when the grandson originally only served one year of mourning for his grandparents, but as a burden-bearing grandson, if he wanted to take up the responsibility of his deceased father, he had to serve his grandfather for three years, so he took the lead in Zhiwen.
And Chai Guili's second son, Chai Qifeng, should serve three years of mourning for his parents according to the service system, "the son will die for his parents for three years". Because he was adopted out, the mourning for his biological father was reduced from three years to one year, "for the latter of his own biological parents to decline without a rod", so he is called a surrendered son.
The grandson was supposed to serve the year (one year) for his grandparents, but because the father was born out of the line, he also followed the first-class service, and only served the grandfather of the birth for five months.
Looking at Chai Jifeng's signature of the Zhiwen, it is not so complicated, only signed "Lonely Mourning Son Chai Shude Shurong", the ancient father mourning is called "Orphan Son", the mother mourning is called "Mourning Son", and both parents are mourning, so they can be called "Lonely Mourning Son".
Therefore, the lonely mourning son is the self-name of a man whose parents have died.
That's it. **From network invasion and deletion.
Reference: Huangqing Tai Student Township Drink Jiebin Tongran Chai Gong Ji Yuan with Li Ruren Succession with Li Ruren Joint Burial Epitaph".
Huang Qing Tai student Rui Feng Chai Gong and De with Li Ruren Ji with Li Ruren with Li Ruren Zhang Ruren Liu Ruren Burial Epitaph".
Seek historical truth through appearances, use history as a theory, tell personal opinions, and reject excessive interpretation and conspiracy theories that are divorced from the human environment.