For a long time, rural kindergartens have often been regarded as the "nerve endings" in the education system, facing many development problems.
Among them, the shortage of professional teachers, the lack of unified planning and management, the ambiguity of the development path and the insignificant effect of policy implementation are particularly prominent, which highlight the urgency and importance of the development of rural preschool education.
In order to fundamentally solve the development dilemma of rural kindergartens, in recent years, from the national to the local, all levels are actively seeking solutions. Taking Shandong Province as an example, in the "14th Five-Year Plan" preschool education development and promotion action plan and other documents, it is clearly put forward".Integrated management of pre-school education in towns and villages". A few days ago, six departments including the Shandong Provincial Department of Education jointly issued the ".Guiding Opinions on Comprehensively Promoting the Integrated Management of Kindergartens, Towns and Villages(hereinafter referred to as the "Opinions"). Raised toIn 2025, all towns and towns in the province will complete the reform of the integrated management system of kindergartens, towns and villages
The introduction of various measures points to the same purpose - to encourage and guide town and village kindergartens to move forward from decentralized development to group development, help the healthy development of rural preschool education, and "strengthen the bones" for the revitalization of rural education.
Forerunner practice in the face of problems
When the attention of the society focuses on the high-quality and balanced development of urban and rural education, the imbalance between rural kindergartens in towns and villages cannot be ignored.
Some kindergartens or public kindergartens located in the center of townships and towns have reached urban standards in terms of educational resources and teachers, but at the same time, they are scattered inMost of the kindergartens in the villages are privately run, which is not only small in scale, but also generally has a low level of education。These private kindergartens often have certain problems in terms of school running and teacher mobility, resulting in uneven quality of early childhood care and education.
In the past few years, some regions and kindergartens in Shandong Province have taken the lead in the trial and practice of integrated management of kindergartens, towns and villages, and these valuable experiences provide a strong reference for promoting this management model throughout the province.
For example,Jiyang District, Jinan CityThe implementation of the rural kindergarten town and village integration reform, the establishment of "multiple integration, co-construction and sharing, integrated promotion" of rural preschool education development path, effectively solve the kindergarten small scale, insufficient funds and other problems. Shanghe CountyIt adheres to the leading role, promotes the reform of the management system and mechanism as a whole, and initially forms a pattern of towns and villages, complementary advantages, linkage development, and overall improvement.
Changyi City, Weifang CityIt establishes a management system of "area assistance, advantage pulling, and overall promotion" and "county-based, town-block co-management" of urban and rural preschool education, and provides specific business guidance to weak kindergartens through resource sharing, teaching and research linkage, etc.
Qingyang Town, Zouping CityHuixian KindergartenActively implement the integrated fine management of towns and villages, and realize the sharing of human resources and information resources through measures such as financial support to optimize the environment, material security to promote games, and two-way interaction to improve the quality of teachers. These practices have proved that the integrated reform of towns and villages is one of the effective ways to solve the current problem of "weak rural areas" in preschool education, and it is also a necessary way for rural children and urban children to enjoy equal opportunities and high-quality educational resources for preschool education.
Master plan to be completed by 2025
Kindergarten town and village integration school, requiring in principle to rely on the township center kindergarten to set up one or more pre-school education legal entities, other public kindergartens (including primary and secondary schools attached to kindergartens) as its branches, the formation of the township"One legal person, multiple parks".The management model realizes the integration of party building, business, teachers, funds, resources, etc., and aims to solve the above pain points and difficulties with scientific management methods, so that each park can go hand in hand and move towards the center.
It is undeniable that in the process of promoting this work, various localities have also encountered some problems, such as vague concepts, insufficient implementation, and inconspicuous results. 
The promulgation of the "Opinions" is to systematically solve the above problems and clarify the specific implementation path of integrated management. It is mainly composed of three parts: overall requirements, implementation paths and safeguard measures, and its biggest innovation is to clarify the specific connotation and implementation methods of kindergarten town and village integration, includingParty building work, planning and construction, personnel management, fund management, education protection activities, resource allocation, standardized supervision and quality evaluationand other eight aspects.
The promulgation of the "Opinions" has paved the way for our province to deepen the reform of the rural preschool education management system and comprehensively promote the integrated management of kindergartens, towns and villages. It is worth noting that the "Opinions" clearly put forward a specific time node, that is, toIn 2025, all towns and towns in the province should complete the reform of the integrated management system of kindergartens, towns and villages, and continue to optimize the management system and resource allocation of preschool education
In order to ensure the implementation of the policy in place, the "Opinions" also make provisions in the establishment of an assessment and supervision mechanism, and include the implementation of the integrated management system of preschool education towns and villages into the evaluation of the city, county (city, district) ** performance of educational dutiesThe Provincial Department of Education shall report on the promotion of the work of each city every six months
It is worth mentioning that Shandong has also become the first province at the provincial level to introduce the reform document of the integrated management system of kindergartens, towns and villages. At the same time, the township center kindergartens are required to incorporate private kindergartens in the region into the integrated management of party building, education, supervision and evaluation, so as to improve the overall quality of preschool education.
This fully demonstrates the province's firm determination to make up for the shortcomings of rural preschool education, and injects new impetus into the integrated development of kindergartens, towns and villages.
An important part of the revitalization of rural education
Promoting the implementation of the integrated management of kindergartens, towns and villages is a key step to vigorously promote the revitalization of rural education.
In April 2021, the Ministry of Education entrusted Shandong Province with a special mission to support the developmentPilot area for rural education revitalization, which is also currentIt is the only pilot province in the country to receive this support
In January 2023, the General Office of the People's ** of Shandong Province issued the "Special Work Plan for the Construction of a National Rural Education Revitalization Pilot Zone in Shandong Province". This plan not only lays out a clear roadmap for the future of rural education in Shandong, but also sets a clear timeline:In 2027, Shandong will establish a sound urban-rural integrated education resource allocation mechanism, and then realize the modernization of rural education by 2035
In order to promote this goal in a more targeted manner, Shandong Province has also issued the "List of Key Projects for the Special Work of Shandong Province to Build a National Rural Education Revitalization Pilot Zone". This list directly addresses the core issues and challenges of rural education, and strives to break through the existing institutional and institutional barriers through innovation and reform, so as to provide a replicable and referenced model for the revitalization of rural education for the whole country.
Among them,Pre-school education is undoubtedly an important part of the revitalization plan。After all, as the enlightenment education of children, preschool education plays a pivotal role in cultivating talents needed for rural revitalization in the new era. Vigorously promoting the integrated management of kindergartens, towns and villages is to solve the weak links in rural education and improve the overall quality of education.
A hundred years of life, standing in kindergarten. From "early education" to "excellent education", providing fair and high-quality enlightenment education for rural children is not only the expectation of the society, but also the solemn commitment of education administrative departments at all levels.
With the introduction and implementation of a series of policies and measures, Shandong Province is steadily moving towards the goal of rural education revitalization and turning the blueprint into reality.
Written by丨Yuan Lin.
Source丨Shandong Education News Network, the 4th Shandong Province "Most Beautiful Campus" Photo Contest.
Editor丨Zhou Yusen review丨Li Yong.