Iran was once a country of secularization, but behind this change lies the bane of the future.
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In the 60s of the 20th century, women in Iran did not wear headscarves and Western-style culture prevailed, and this social mainstream was led by the last king, Pahlavi. However, Pahlavi overemphasizes modernization and capitalization, ignoring Iran's deep religious heritage. Through the "White Revolution", he pushed Iran down the path of secularization, but provoked a revolt from religious groups.
Pahlavi tried to address the gap between rich and poor through land reform, but the result was that Iranian artisans lost their livelihoods. He chose to take the initiative to get close to the United States in international affairs and signed unequal agreements, which caused a surge in domestic affairs. In 1979, the Islamic Revolution broke out, and the Khomeini regime replaced the Pahlavi dynasty.
After Ruhol Khomeini came to power, Iran underwent a serious Islamization, with the removal of the previous secular legal provisions. He emphasized that Iran is a theocratic state, reinforcing Islamic fundamentalism. Although Khomeini enjoys widespread support at home, it has also sparked international discontent.
The whole process shows that Iran's pursuit of modernization and capitalization has neglected its deep religious roots, leading to social unrest and international pressure. The decisions and actions taken during this period have put Iran in a difficult position from a fragile power with a foreign power.
Lessons and Reflections on Social Change in Iran
The article profoundly paints a picture of the social changes and political choices that Iran has undergone over the past few decades, and the grave consequences of those choices. Iran's historical experience reminds us that in the pursuit of social modernization and economic development, the country's cultural and religious heritage must be carefully considered so as not to provoke social unrest and international pressure.
First, the article sheds light on the wave of secularization that Iranian society experienced under the leadership of the last king, Pahlavi, in the early 60s of the 20th century. Through the "White Revolution", Pahlavi sought to introduce Westernized changes, including the abolition of the hijab system, the promotion of equality in education and employment, and the implementation of land reform. However, he placed too much emphasis on modernization and capitalism, ignoring Iran's deep religious traditions. This has led to an increase in social contradictions, especially with religious groups.
Secondly, Iran's choice to establish relations with the United States during the Pahlavi period became a key turning point in the article. Due to its geographical location and abundant oil resources, Iran has become the focus of international attention. However, Pahlavi's agreement with the United States has sparked domestic **, revealing a strong antipathy within the country to the intervention of Western forces. This choice not only deepens domestic divisions, but also plunges Iran into international strife.
Finally, the article talks about the rise of the Khomeini regime after the Islamic Revolution. Emphasizing that Iran is a theocratic state, Khomeini has scrapped previous secular laws and pushed for a wave of Islamization. Although he has won widespread support at home, it has also caused concern and dissatisfaction in the international community. As a result, Iran has embarked on a more closed path, and international relations have become more tense.
This historical lesson also has implications for the world today. In the process of development, the country needs to balance the relationship between modernization and traditional culture to ensure social stability and sustainable development. In foreign relations, we should choose our partners carefully and avoid relying too much on one country to avoid falling into an unequal geopolitical game.
Overall, Iran's course of social change offers us a profound reflection. On the road to modernization, the state needs to be more cautious and rational in its approach to indigenous cultures and religious traditions in order to avoid going to extremes and social unrest. It also reminds us to exercise caution in international affairs to ensure the independence and dignity of our country.
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