On November 6, 1948, the Huaihai Campaign broke out, with 800,000 to 600,000 dominating an absolute superiority, but it ended in a crushing defeat. The reason for the defeat is not only the duel on the battlefield, but the deeper responsibility lies within. In this war, the responsibility of the four people was thoroughly revealed.
Liu Zhi: The initiator of the defeat of Huaihai.
Before the outbreak of the Huaihai Campaign, Huang Botao repeatedly asked Liu Zhi to retreat, but Liu Zhi did not agree until November 4, but ordered Huang Botao to retreat together with the 44th Army in the direction of Xin'an Town and other Haizhou directions. This blind command caused Huang Botao to be surrounded by Huaye, which made ** fall into a passive situation. Liu Zhi even refused to accept Du Yuming's suggestion and missed the fighter. The performance on the Huaihai battlefield caused a great rout, and Liu Zhi was burdened with heavy responsibility.
Bai Chongxi: Rear resistance causes the balance of forces.
Although Bai Chongxi did not directly participate in the war, he pulled Lao Jiang's hind legs in the rear. After the fall of Huang Botao's corps, Huang Wei was surrounded by Zhongye, and Lao Jiang ordered Song Xilian's corps to go south to relieve the siege. However, Bai Chongxi detained Song Xilian's corps on the grounds of command sequence, making the Huaihai Campaign unbalanced. If Song Xilian's corps participates in the war, the tide of the battle may be reversed, and Bai Chongxi bears a certain responsibility for the defeat.
Qiu Qingquan: Preservation of strength and disobedience caused the army's morale to be discouraged.
Qiu Qingquan deliberately preserved his strength during the rescue process and did not obey the command, which led to the discouragement of the army. After the retreat in Xuzhou, Qiu Qingquan took the lead in disobeying the command, and the impact was extremely bad, Li Mi and others followed suit, and one of the reasons for the rout was Qiu Qingquan's wrong decision.
Lao Jiang: Remote command caused the burial of hundreds of thousands of troops.
Lao Chiang himself had limited military talent, but he liked remote command and micro-operation, and finally buried hundreds of thousands of troops on the Huaihai battlefield. After Huang Wei's corps was surrounded, Du Yuming suggested retreating, and Lao Jiang agreed and changed his hexagram, causing Du Yuming's group to be surrounded by Huaye. Lao Jiang's blind command wiped out the entire army, and he bore the ultimate responsibility for the defeat of Huaihai.
Summary: The four major culprits led to the fiasco of the Huaihai Campaign.
The Huaihai Battle was a fiasco, and the responsibility was not only on the battlefield, but also internally. Liu Zhi, Bai Chongxi, Qiu Qingquan and Lao Jiang, their respective wrong decisions and shirking of responsibility led to the defeat of 800,000 ** on the Huaihai battlefield. The defeat of this battle not only affected the time, but also left a heavy mark on history.
The distribution of responsibility for the four major culprits in the Huaihai Campaign has brought profound reflection on military decision-making in Chinese history. The defeat of this campaign was not only a mistake at the military level, but also a problem at the leadership level. First of all, Liu Zhi's hesitation and blind command directly led to Huang Botao being surrounded, which made ** fall into passivity in the early stage of the campaign. This kind of command mistake makes one think about the impact of the rapidity of decision-making on the battle situation.
Bai Chongxi's resistance in the rear was also an important reason for the failure of the Huaihai Campaign. Even though he did not directly participate in the battle, after Huang Wei was surrounded, at the critical moment of breaking the siege, he detained Song Xilian's corps on the grounds of command sequence, which directly led to the imbalance of ** forces. This question of rear support played a non-negligible role in the outcome of the war. In modern military theory, the coordination of logistics and command is regarded as an important factor in determining victory or defeat, and the failure of the Huaihai Campaign also confirmed this viewpoint to a certain extent.
Qiu Qingquan's preservation of strength and disobedience had a negative impact on the Huaihai Campaign. In the process of rescue, in order to retain his strength, he refused to obey the dispatch of his superiors, which was undoubtedly irresponsible for the overall battle situation. The army needs a high degree of organization and coordination in the war, and Qiu Qingquan's single-handedness has led to the overall discouragement of the army. This was also a conspicuous sign of the failure of the Huaihai Campaign, and the disputes and non-cooperation within the army directly affected the overall combat results.
In the end, Lao Jiang's responsibility cannot be ignored. His hesitation and repeated decisions made the whole battle situation chaotic, especially after Huang Wei's corps was surrounded, and his change of hexagram directly led to Du Yuming's group being surrounded by Huaye. Chiang's arbitrary and remote-controlled decision-making style for directing the war seems to have played a negative role in the campaign. It also led to deep reflection on the importance of a leader's personal competence and command style in the outcome of a war.
In general, the defeat of the Huaihai Campaign was not only a matter of force comparison and tactics, but also a mistake at the leadership level. The wrong decisions and behaviors of the four responsible persons together constituted the fiasco of this war. The failure of this campaign also provided a valuable lesson for later military decision-makers, who should not only pay attention to the superiority of tactics and troops, but also pay more attention to the coordination of the leadership and the timeliness of decision-making.
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