The methods and steps for growing cabbage are as follows:
Seed selection: choose suitable varieties, such as early maturing varieties for spring cabbage, and autumn sowing varieties for planting in spring of the following year, such as chicken heart and cow heart. Sowing seedlings in winter and spring, and spring planting should be selected in spring, such as Zhonggan 11, Beijing early maturity, Danjing early growth, Jin early birth and so on.
Bed soil preparation: 7 to 10 days before sowing. Use 4 parts of rotted horse manure or peat, 5 parts of onion and garlic stubble or bean stubble, 1 part of dried rotted manure or chicken manure, mix well and sieve, and add urea 0 per cubic meter5 kg, 2 kg of superphosphate, mix well.
Seed treatment before sowing: In order to prevent the spread of diseases by seeds, it is best to use 45 hot water to sterilize the seeds for 10 minutes before sowing. Soak the seeds with cool water before blanching to avoid reducing the germination rate. After scalding the seeds, put the seeds in cold water and soak them for 4 to 6 hours, during which they should be washed twice to facilitate germination. The soaked seeds are wrapped in wet gauze or wet towels and placed under the condition of 18 20 to germinate, and germination can be produced in 36 hours. When 50 seeds are budding, the temperature should be lowered to 10 15 to prevent the germ from being too long when sowing.
Seedlings: In the northeast, northwest and Inner Mongolia and other alpine regions of China, early-maturing varieties are selected, seedlings are sown in greenhouses in March and April, and seedlings are transplanted to cold beds, hotbeds and plastic sheds to raise seedlings. It takes 50 to 80 days from sowing to planting to planting in the field. There are two seedling breeding methods in North China: one is to select early and medium-ripening varieties, and raise seedlings in the cold bed (Yangqi) in September and October of the previous year, and after a winter, the seedling age is about 150 days. The other is in February, the early maturing varieties are selected to be raised in plastic greenhouses or improved yangfu, and the seedling age is 40 to 50 days. Medium- and late-maturing varieties were selected in the southern provinces and seedlings were raised in the open field in October and November of the previous year.
Sowing: When sowing, the bed soil should be flattened, raked finely, watered through the bed soil with about 30 warm water, and the grits were paved 01 cm thick fine dry soil and add pentachloronitrobenzene mixed medicinal soil, and then sow seeds, one square meter of sowing is 15 20 grams; The amount of seeds per mu is 25 35 grams, which can be sown with dry seeds, or with seeds that promote germination, and cover 1 15 cm thick cover soil. Before the young buds are unearthed, keep 20 25 during the day and about 15 at night, and the seedlings can emerge in 2 or 3 days.
Management after emergence: The temperature should be lowered after emergence, keeping 15 20 during the day and 5 10 at night to prevent growth. At the same time, around noon, when there are no water droplets on the leaves, remove a dry fine soil with a thickness of 05 cm to cool down and retain moisture. Before the two true leaves are unfolded, that is, before the seedlings are moved, they should be watered once to prevent serious root damage when the seedlings are moved.
Transplant seedlings: 2 3 true leaves when the seedlings are moved in time, the seedbed soil is the same as the seeding bed soil, after leveling the rake, the bottom water is watered according to the row spacing of 6 7 cm, and the seedlings are planted in the ditch at a distance of 6 7 cm. After transplanting seedlings to the seedlings before the seedlings are appropriately raised, the seedlings are slowed up at speed, 25 28 during the day, 18 20 at night, 7 10 days before planting after the seedlings are slowed, 15 20 during the day, 10 12 at night, not less than 8. If it is below 6 8 for a long time, there will be a phenomenon of tomb pumping after colonization, which will seriously reduce the yield and affect the quality of balls.
Seedling refining: 7-8 days before planting, start low-temperature exercise. During the day, the bed window or plastic film is opened, the temperature is 12-15 during the day, and the grass curtain and other cold-proof materials are no longer covered at night. The bed window can also be removed at night 2-3 days before planting, and the night temperature drops to 3-4, so that the seedlings can withstand light frost exercise; Do not water at the same time, but water a little less when wilting is severe. The seedlings that have been trained at low temperature have a high survival rate after planting, slow seedlings quickly, and can tolerate short-term frost of 3-5 years.
Land preparation for furrowing: the land should be deeply ploughed before planting, the winter fallow land for planting cabbage should be ploughed 20-25 cm deep in autumn and winter, and the summer and autumn cabbage should be deeply ploughed 15-20 cm. After ploughing the ground, the fine soil should be raked and the furrow surface should be leveled. Flat furrows in the north.
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