In 1996, in order to promote the construction of rural culture and improve the social atmosphere in rural areas, China launched a vigorous "three to the countryside" activities, that is, culture, science and technology, and public health.
With the end of the era of rural taxes and fees, coupled with the liberalization of the family planning policy, the curtain of the rural revitalization strategy has been launched in an orderly manner, and unconsciously, the countryside has ushered in"New three go to the countryside".It is this "new three to the countryside" that has changed the pattern of rural development.
The "new three to the countryside" referred to by the author does not refer to college students going to the countryside to experience life and other going to the countryside, but refers to a stage in the current rural areas, which is not an academic concept, nor is it a first-class concept, but a summary of the current stage of the rural areas.
What is the "New Three to the Countryside"?i.e.".Resources go to the countryside, supervision goes to the countryside, and standards go to the countryside”。This is the inevitability of the development of the times and the inevitability of rural development, and it plays a very important role in the development of rural areas.
Moreover, with the transfer of resources to the countryside, supervision to the countryside, and standards to the countryside, profound changes have taken place in the development model and governance model of the rural areas.
Before the abolition of the agricultural tax, for the rural areas, it belonged to the stage of resource absorption, and the rural areas also fed the rural areas through the agricultural tax, in short, the main thing was that the rural areas fed the rural areas, and the rural areas developed themselves.
After the abolition of the agricultural tax, the rural areas cannot meet the development needs of the rural areas themselves by relying solely on collective income. As a result, in order to promote rural development, various resources began to go to the countryside. These resources include not only resources such as funds, but also some human resources, which is a relatively broad resource.
Resources such as capital mainly refer to helping rural development through the injection of funds into rural areas or through projects. This point is more familiar to everyone, such as targeted poverty alleviation, which is to give money to poor households to support their lives. Some poverty-relief projects are the main funds that come from above, supporting some development projects in rural areas and helping peasants increase their incomes.
There are also some projects, such as village to village, household to household, toilet renovation, human settlements environment improvement and so on, many of the funds are from the support of the superiors.
At the same time, some resource projects are relatively limited and cannot be evenly distributed, so the village cadres continue to complete the work tasks of the higher authorities to strive for more resources. To a certain extent, this has changed the mode of governance in rural areas, or, to put it simply, the focus of the work of village cadres.
At the same time, there are also some human resources going to the countryside. This is easier to understand, such as the first secretary, the village-based working group, the village-based assistance group, etc., all of which belong to human resources going to the countryside and are aimed at helping rural development. Moreover, along with these human resources going to the countryside, there are also certain supporting related funds. The two complement each other. Of course, these human resources who go to the countryside also have the role of supervising the funds going to the countryside.
In order to do a good job in sending resources to the countryside, the higher authorities must supervise the village level, not only to supervise the results, but also to supervise the process to ensure that there are no problems in the process of decentralization of resources, and finally the decentralization of resources can achieve due results.
Such oversight is necessary and effective, and only effective monitoring can guarantee the security of decentralization.
Without effective supervision, who can guarantee that these resources will not be misappropriated or abused?
At the same time, supervising the decentralization of resources in the countryside is only one of the important purposes. In fact, supervision over rural areas is more extensive, including supervision over village cadres, supervision over rural development, supervision over some emerging problems in rural areas, and supervision over village cadres in the process of completing various tasks. These inspections are aimed at making rural areas more efficient and formal.
For example, the inspection system is a good kind of supervision of the rural areas, and through the dispatch of inspection teams, the problems existing in rural development are supervised and adjusted, so as to make the rural areas more formalized.
Along with the supervision of various resources going to the countryside, there is the supervision of various work tasks, which pushes the supervision of going to the countryside to a climax. Just as "a thousand lines above, a needle below", the thousands of lines above, must supervise whether the following needle has played a role, that is to say, various business departments must also supervise the rural areas, for example, the civil affairs department must supervise the handling of the rural subsistence allowance, the safety supervision office must supervise the rural safety production work, and the environmental protection office must supervise the rural environmental protection work.
These supervisions have obviously increased the control of the rural areas over the rural areas and helped to manage the rural areas more refinedly, but at the same time, they have also increased the workload of the rural areas, changed the rural work mode, and changed our rural governance model.
Due to the lack of rural coping capacity and the lack of ability to cope with fine management, a series of surprises have been expected.
Outside of formalism, it also caused the countryside".Suspension
Because of the various supervision of the countryside, it will inevitably lead to the decentralization of resources, the distribution process and the business work to pay more attention to refinement, and behind the refinement, there are a variety of related work processes, work requirements, and these work processes and work requirements, there must be a work "standard" or "indicative" things, these are the effective implementation of supervision grasp.
For example, the identification of poor households requires a set of processes and standards, and the process or villagers are responsible for not meeting the standards. Another example is the remediation of human settlements, before and after the remediation, it is difficult to carry out effective evaluation, so a set of indicators is needed to ensure that the rural habitat links are indeed remediated.
There are thousands of lines on the top", and there are thousands of standards for thousands of lines, which has further led to the more standardized, institutionalized, and institutionalized rural work.
Therefore, in order to accomplish these tasks, it is necessary to have certain requirements for the ability of village cadres, which is also the inherent need of some young cadres to enter the stage of village-level governance. Young people who are more energetic, can use computers, and can write materials are more able to adapt to the current "administrative," "institutionalized," and "literalized" work in rural areas, and are more favored by managers.
Whether it is to supervise the countryside or to go to the countryside as a standard, it is to serve the "resources to the countryside". All three are aimed at achieving "rural revitalization".
"New three to the countryside" is a stage in which the vast number of remote rural areas are currently located, and this stage has led to changes in the rural development model and governance model. The obvious change is that the village committees are becoming more and more organized, the village cadres are becoming more and more bureaucratic, and the village cadres who work part-time on a temporary basis are also changing to professionalism and specialization.
With the improvement of various systems, the "new three to the countryside" will be more flexible and efficient in operation, which is bound to bring greater and better development of rural areas.