On December 11, the city of Urumqi, Xinjiang, ushered in snowfall. The picture shows citizens playing in the snow with their children. Photo by China News Service reporter Liu Xin.
On the 11th, heavy snow fell in Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan, Xinjiang and other places.
Can the spread of epidemic respiratory diseases come to an end this winter? Under the low temperature and snowfall, how can we prevent and deal with these diseases?
How to prevent diseases after low temperature snowfall?
Snowfall may indeed reduce the number of influenza viruses in the air, but it may not be all good for epidemic respiratory transmission.
Li Tong, chief physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Beijing You'an Hospital, once said in an interview with China News Service that snowfall lowers particulate matter in the air, including pathogens, but it does not mean that snow can kill these viruses. "Therefore, when we play in the snow with our children, we need to be careful not to touch our mouth and nose as much as possible, and pay attention to washing and disinfecting our hands in time. ”
Li Tong also mentioned that the humid air after the snow may bring some comfort to the respiratory tract, but keeping warm is the key, especially for susceptible people with weak resistance, and pay more attention to keeping warm and cold. At the same time, according to the Xi habits such as wearing masks and washing hands and disinfecting frequently during the three-year epidemic prevention and control period, the prevention of the current epidemic respiratory diseases is still effective.
What should we eat properly on a snowy day? Can I strengthen my immunity by adjusting my diet?
Zhang Ye, former director of the Nutrition Department of the Eighth Medical Center of the General Hospital of the People's Liberation Army, said in an interview with China News Service that the eternal theme of healthy diet, regular work and rest, moderate exercise, good mood, improving immunity and ensuring health is not divided into spring, summer, autumn and winter.
What diets are better for winter? Zhang Ye said that it should also vary from person to person, from place to place, and from time to time. In the winter and snow season, relatively humid and cold areas can eat some foods that nourish the spleen and stomach, increase heat and dispel dampness, such as barley, pepper, Sichuan pepper and spices; If you stay in a dry heating room for a long time, you can use a humidifier according to the actual situation, and you can also eat some moisturizing foods, such as stewed pears, lilies, white fungus, etc.
At the same time, it is also necessary to pay attention to prevent dryness, and proper topical use of olive oil and general moisturizing skin care products can achieve the goal. In addition, young people who often work outdoors in the cold can appropriately increase the intake of meat protein and animal fat, which helps the body resist the cold environment.
Zhang Ye also specially reminded that in freezing and snowy weather, the elderly with underlying diseases, especially those with impaired mobility, should try to take all measures to prevent falls. Not only is it more difficult for older people to recover, but prolonged bed rest can be fatal for some older people with underlying medical conditions.
What are the misunderstandings about the use of drugs for this wave of epidemic diseases?
Prevention is key, as is the scientific use of drugs after infection.
Oseltamivir is the best and the miracle drug for the prevention of influenza", "Azithromycin is used for mycoplasma pneumonia", are these network-borne drugs and prescriptions "god" or "pit"? In the face of this year's epidemic of respiratory diseases, what should be paid attention to when using drugs?
Sun Siqing, chief physician of the respiratory department of Nanjing Second Hospital, said in an interview with China News Service that inhibiting neuraminidase drugs, including oseltamivir (Tamiflu), does have positive significance in inhibiting influenza A and B influenza viruses, but it takes five days of continuous medication to produce an effect, and the influenza virus may attenuate on its own within five days, so oseltamivir is not the only drug for influenza in clinical application. For example, mabaloxavir (Sufuda) only needs one drug and is often used in clinical practice.
The first problem with the use of drugs for this wave of epidemic respiratory diseases is that it is difficult to grasp the accurate timing of medication.
Sun Siqing said that the symptoms of common flu are more severe than those of the common cold, accompanied by cough, nasal congestion, headache, body aches and fatigue and high fever, and the specific reaction also varies from person to person. Children and adolescents may consider active antiviral therapy after being diagnosed with influenza**. However, for healthy adults, under normal circumstances, if the symptoms of overheating can be gradually relieved, and all symptoms can be tolerated and do not continue to worsen, you can consider not confirming whether you have the flu first, because the flu virus itself will die within five days, and for many healthy people, it is possible to recover on its own as the common cold.
However, if the symptoms are intolerable or continue to worsen, cough suppressant, expectorant, throat moistening, etc. can be used to target the symptoms**. If you do not have convulsions, convulsions, difficulty breathing, or high fever for more than three consecutive days and your symptoms continue to worsen, you may not necessarily choose to seek medical attention. However, it is recommended to keep a "finger clip oximeter" at home, once the blood oxygen value is found to be lower than "93%", it is necessary to pay attention to it and measure it many times, if the blood oxygen value is always lower than "93%", you need to seek medical attention immediately.
At the same time, there are two misunderstandings, one is that high-priced drugs are more "pure". Sun Siqing said that from the perspective of clinical performance, there is no evidence to prove that there is a difference in efficacy between oseltamivir, which is priced at a high price, and oseltamivir, which is priced at 20 yuan in hospitals. In addition, ribavirin, amantadine, morpholinoguanidine, etc., are all broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, and proper application under the guidance of doctors can inhibit viral proliferation, and they also have a certain effect in the early stage of viral infection. For patients with severe disease, intravenous drugs such as peramivir are available.
The second is the misuse of antibiotics and the unauthorized use of prescription drugs. Sun Siqing believes that the vast majority of infections caused by influenza viruses do not require antibiotics**. Antibiotics and antiviral drugs are generally prescription drugs, and the doctor's professional judgment is required to choose the timing, type, and method of medication, otherwise there will be many harms and risks. For example, many patients know that azithromycin can be used for mycoplasma pneumonia, but this does not apply to all patients, and there are many other types of drugs to choose from.
Can all kinds of folk dietary therapy tests be believed?
It is very likely that the flu infection will be cured without medication, so can you trust the dietary prescriptions and various folk prescriptions circulating on the Internet during the self-recovery period?
Two or three jujubes, four or five slices of white radish, seven or eight lotus roots, four or five green onions (with a little green onion white), three or four slices of ginger, half a slice of pear, you can put a little rock sugar or not, repeatedly boil water and drink a large amount, it is effective on all kinds of colds and viruses; A series of recipes for cough and expectorant and **colds and flu such as roasted oranges, steamed oranges with salt, steamed pears with Sichuan shellfish, stewed pears with radish and so on are circulating on the Internet.
The above six ingredients boiled water ** cold recipe, Guo Shijun has been used at the request of his family since he was a child, including the elderly and children at home who have colds and often use it.
Li Ping, vice president of the high-tech branch of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, doctoral supervisor, and instructor of the sixth batch of national old Chinese medicine experts, said in an interview with China News Service that some dietary therapy methods and prescriptions that have been circulated since ancient times have not undergone strict clinical trials and other procedures, but they are often effective. In the case that the appropriate amount is not extreme, you can try, especially the dietary therapy method, which is non-toxic*** However, when there are serious adverse symptoms such as continuous high fever, you should seek medical attention in time.
So are the above six recipes for boiling water really effective from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine?
Li Ping said that just drinking hot water has an effect on epidemic respiratory diseases and even more diseases. Ginger and radish boiled water while drunk while hot have certain effects such as sweating and smoothing qi, and Western medicine also has sweating drugs for colds.
In fact, the concept of using ingredients to ** disease has existed since ancient times in the concept of traditional Chinese medicine.
Li Ping said that in the traditional Chinese medicine ancient book is also a compulsory course for all Chinese medicine students to get started, it is stated in the "Yellow Emperor's Neijing", "Great poison cures diseases, six out of ten; often poison cures diseases, seven out of ten; Small poison cures, eight out of ten; Non-toxic treatment, nine out of ten; Grains, fruits, and vegetables, eat and nourish them. ”
The above text roughly means that the use of a violent poison to cure a disease should be stopped when the disease has reached six minutes; Ordinary poisons can be used to cure diseases; The use of minor poisons to cure diseases should be stopped when the disease is gone; Only non-toxic drugs can be used to remove the ninth disease, and then use the diet of "cereals, fruits, fruits and vegetables" to remove the residual evil after the illness and make the body completely restore its health. The real body** ultimately depends on food, which has a lot of overlap with the concept of Western medicine nutrition**.
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