Daguan, male, 81 years old.
Investigation location: No. 85-10, Beiwai Street, Xiongzhou Town (formerly Dajia Lane).
Survey date: July 1, 2005.
Investigators: Ye Ming, Wu Aihui, Wang Xiaoyan, Yin Zhaolu.
The Liuhe people ran back, and the families packed clothes, bedding and other daily necessities and ran to the countryside, and those who had relatives in the countryside lived in the relatives' houses. Even if they don't know people, the peasants will take pity on them and take them in. We buy peasants' rice and vegetables, and the rice is bought by buckets, one bucket of ten liters, and one load of ten buckets. We waited for others to eat, and then borrowed their pots and bowls. Sleep on the floor at night. The yellow soil of the farmer's hall was dry and flat, and after the straw was lowered, the bedding was put down. Two or three people sleep together and restore the next day. The city is basically empty, it is really empty. Some old men and old ladies in the family will stay at home if they don't leave. A few women also remained in the city, locked on the outside and with a door on the inside, as was the case in most households. When the Japanese see someone, they shoot at the door, and take anything they see, even Chinese calligraphy and paintings.
When encountering women, they will be **, some will be assassinated after rape, and the old will not be spared. The heinous crimes committed by the Japanese after entering Liuhe City are really too numerous to mention. In 1938, the Japanese somehow withdrew. In Liuhe City, the remnants of the original national ** organization are here again. On the 27th day of the fourth month of the lunar calendar, I was 11 or 2 years old, in the sixth grade, in Liuhe Elementary School. It was a class, and the planes came, and there were nine planes, first circling, and then flying to the east, forming a column, and then the first one dived, and the sound was really terrible.
We were just looking at it and looking out at the school's bomb shelter, so we hid in it. The timid girl started crying. When the plane came down, it dropped bombs, and we were so scared that when there was no sound, we came out and fled home. Liuhe is like boiling porridge, people on the street are fleeing from place to place, every house is on the door, looking for someone, crying dad and calling mother everywhere.
Later, when we arrived home, my mother was at home, my father was not at home, a family of three, although I was only eleven or twelve years old, but carrying a big box, there were only four gates in Liuhe City to enter and exit, my house was near the north gate, and I ran to the north gate. People from several villages have to go out of this city gate at the same time, the city gate is five or six meters wide, people are very crowded, shoes and things are everywhere on the ground, and no one picks them up. People can only move forward with **, and some people fall to the ground, no one cares, and even stepped on them.
After leaving the city gate, we ran to the countryside, and we had to listen to whether the plane would come again, we had no goal, and there were many people on the main road. The Japanese planes came again, and when they saw people in the countryside, they opened fire with machine guns, and many people died. The people hid in the wheat fields on both sides, and even then many people died. We don't know which village we're going to. The Japanese sometimes bombed Zhuzhenji and Maji, destroying hundreds of houses. On the twenty-fourth of July, another bombardment, just like the first bombardment, but not so nervous. After the bombing, some bombs were dropped.
The city gate occupied by devils is guarded by devil soldiers and traitor puppet soldiers. **Come from.
The next day, I entered the city, walked to the North Street (is the street from the south city to the north gate), the street is paved with bluestone, a piece of bluestone weighs more than 200 pounds, the street is more prosperous, after the Japanese air raid, the people on the street run to both sides. There is an alley in the south, and when there is an air raid, the people in this place will run to the alley to the lotus pond. Once, the Japanese bomb was dropped at the junction of the alley and the T-shaped intersection of the lotus pond, the crater was one meter deep and three meters wide, half of the first 200 pounds of bluestone on the street were blown to the roof, there was a lot of human flesh on the telephone poles, and the son of a candy man in the roast shop was blown up, and many people disappeared without a trace. There was no dignity for the slaves, and I saw with my own eyes that people could only walk through the four gates (open in the morning and close in the evening), and it was difficult to enter and exit the city. When there was a maintenance meeting in the city and a market, people returned to the city one after another.
When I entered my house from the north gate, I saw the devil standing guard from afar, with a bayonet on his gun, and I was very scared, and I dared to enter when I saw someone entering. You can't enter and leave the city gate casually, you have to walk in a proper manner, everyone is nervous, and you have to bow respectfully, if you don't do this, the Japanese will beat people, even with the butts of their guns, and beat people to the flesh. The most common thing the Japanese say is, "Eight grid tooth road, dead and dead." "Entering and exiting the city gate is equivalent to passing the customs, and my teacher wrote a poem, one of which is: "The city is like a mountain apart." "Some young people behaved normally, and the Japanese also detained them and told them to slap each other, and they had to be beaten with their hands, otherwise they would be beaten by the Japanese, and they would not be let go until the Japanese were happy. The Japanese also made the Chinese kneel and carry heavy bricks for the longest hour. No one dared to go out at night. If you see a drunken devil, the bustling street is immediately empty, and I have seen the Japanese tie the Chinese to a cross made of wood, use it as a target, and stab them after several movements until they are stabbed to death.
This article is excerpted from:
The Battle of Songhu and the Great University of Nanjing, which are in the collection of the Yenching Library of Harvard University in the United States
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