Monopoly agreement refers to an agreement, decision or other concerted act reached between undertakings to eliminate or restrict competition. According to the provisions of the Anti-Monopoly Law, it is forbidden for competitive undertakings to enter into the following monopoly agreements:
1.Fix or change the product**;
2.Limit the quantity of goods produced or sold;
3.Segmentation of the sales market or raw material procurement market;
4.Restrict the purchase of new technologies or equipment, or restrict the development of new technologies or products;
5.Boycott deals;
6.* Other monopoly agreements as determined by anti-monopoly law enforcement agencies.
These monopoly agreements not only harm market competition and consumers, but also hinder economic development and innovation. Therefore, all countries and international organizations are strengthening anti-monopoly law enforcement, cracking down on monopolistic behaviors, and maintaining the order of fair competition in the market.
In practice, monopoly agreements are usually manifested as concerted behaviors between enterprises, such as fixing, limiting output, dividing markets, etc. These actions will not only eliminate or restrict competition, but also harm the interests of consumers and the public interest. Therefore, countries and international organizations are strengthening anti-monopoly law enforcement, cracking down on monopolistic behaviors, and maintaining the order of fair competition in the market.
It is important to note that not all monopoly agreements are illegal. In certain circumstances, such as where the operator can demonstrate that the agreement entered into does not materially restrict competition in the relevant market and enables consumers to share in the resulting benefits, such a monopoly agreement may be legitimate. Therefore, when judging the legitimacy of a monopoly agreement, it is necessary to comprehensively consider factors such as the content, purpose, and impact of the agreement.
In short, a monopoly agreement is an act that eliminates or restricts competition, which not only harms market competition and consumer interests, but also hinders economic development and innovation. Therefore, countries and international organizations are strengthening anti-monopoly law enforcement, cracking down on monopolistic behaviors, and maintaining the order of fair competition in the market. At the same time, in practice, it is also necessary to analyze specific issues on a case-by-case basis, and various factors need to be comprehensively considered when judging the legality of monopoly agreements.