Potatoes are a high-yielding crop with yields comparable to those of sweet potatoes. One of the main high-yield measures for potatoes is the creation of loose and fertile soils, as potato tubers need to have a loose soil environment and adequate nutrients. Otherwise, a high yield will not be formed. So in production, how to take measures around the loose and fertile soil?Here's how experienced growers do it:
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1. Deep soil ploughing.
Deep tillage is the most direct and fastest way to loosen the soil. In recent years, due to unreasonable fertilization, no or less organic fertilizer, only chemical fertilizer, and ploughing without ploughing, with rotary tillers, resulting in soil compaction, poor air adaptability, reduced microbial activity, poor soil fertility. Such soil is not conducive to the growth of potatoes and the increase in yields. Potato plots must be planted in deep ploughing and loosening soil at a depth of more than 30 cm and applying organic fertilizer after the autumn harvest. This means that the soil in which the potatoes are grown should reach the depth described above. However, if the soil layer does not reach 30 cm, it cannot be deepened to 30 cm at a time when cultivating the land, and it should be deepened by 5 cm at a time on the basis of the original depth of the tillage layer. Turning over too much raw soil will affect the growth of potatoes.
After a period of frost drying in the deeply ploughed soil, a shallow tillage and chemical fertilizer application are carried out 20 days before planting, and then ridge support.
2. Fertilization. When talking about ploughing, the above mentioned fertilization in passing, one is to apply organic fertilizer in deep ploughing, and the other is to apply chemical fertilizer in shallow tillage. Let's talk about the fertilization of potatoes.
During potato growth, the ratio of nitrogen:phosphorus to potassium is 2:1:4, and sufficient potassium fertilizer can ensure high yield and high quality of potatoes. Although the demand for phosphorus fertilizer is less, the effect is not small, such as early phosphorus deficiency will affect root development and seedling growth, phosphorus deficiency at the flowering stage is prone to hollowness. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the combination of the three elements, and at the same time, supplement phosphorus, manganese, zinc, magnesium, calcium, iron and other micro-fertilizers.
From the above, it can be seen that potatoes require more potassium fertilizer, followed by nitrogen, and least phosphorus. In fertilization should be carried out around this characteristic, adhere to the fertilization principle of organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, supplemented by base fertilizer, and supplemented by top dressing. The specific method is that after the harvest of the previous crops, apply about 4 square meters of fully decomposed compost per mu, of which 80 100 kg per mu of cake fertilizer, and the households without organic fertilizer can choose commercial organic fertilizer, 300 kg per mu. These fertilizers are applied at the first deep ploughing. The chemical fertilizer uses 80 100 kg of special compound fertilizer for potatoes. These fertilizers are applied 20 days before planting during shallow tillage and ridge support.
In short, the soil should be ploughed deep and raked thoroughly, loose and breathable. Apply more organic fertilizer, increase the content of soil organic matter, and use chemical fertilizer to properly supplement various nutrients, so as to create a good soil environment for the growth of potato roots and promote more potatoes.